Contributed by Liu Y, Weick JP, Liu H, Krencik R, Zhang X, Ma L, Zhou GM, Ayala M, Zhang SC. Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. and Human Anatomy and Histology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China. Basal forebrain neurons including cholinergic neurons and GABA interneurons […]

Contributed by Jose Luis Daniotti, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are amphipathic molecules consisting of a ceramide lipid moiety linked to a glycan chain of variable length and structure. Among these are found the

Contributed by François LaPlante. Dept of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada A post-mortem reduction in the density of cholinergic interneurons in the ventral striatum or nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.) has been reported in schizophrenic brains.[1,2] In this region the cholinergic interneurons interact anatomically and functionally with the dopaminergic nerve terminals notably to dampen the effects

Contributed by Dr. Colm Cunningham, Trinity College, Institute of Neuroscience & School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Dublin, Ireland It is well established that peripheral inflammation can signal the intact CNS to bring about adaptive changes in behavior during the sickness response. However, during aging and dementia, the brain is particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects