targeted-toxins

Hartonian I, de Lacalle S (2005) Compensatory changes in cortical cholinergic innervation in the rat following an immunotoxic lesion. Restor Neurol Neurosci 23(2):87-96.

Summary: The ability of damaged axons to grow and functionally reinnervate damaged areas of the brain is well documented. Here the authors study this process in the context of rats lesioned with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). 10.5 ng of the immunotoxin was injected into the right horizontal diagonal band of Broca, and animals were examined from 2 to 24 weeks later. Although the functionality of the neuronal ingrowth was not examined, surviving neurons did extend their terminals into the denervated area.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Scattoni ML, Puopolo M, Calamandrei G, Ricceri L (2005) Basal forebrain cholinergic lesions in 7-day-old rats alter ultrasound vocalisations and homing behaviour. Behav Brain Res 161(1):169-172. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.01.011

Summary: In this study the authors examined the effects of cholinergic depletion of the basal forebrain on the establishment and maintenance of mother-pup interaction in rats. Post-natal day 7 pups were lesioned with bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-Saporin (0.42 µg, Cat. #IT-01). Treated animals displayed a reduced number of ultrasonic vocalizations, as well as apparent increased difficulty in identifying the nest “boundary.” The evidence shows that early damage to basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei can influence behavior as early as the second-postnatal week.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Ridley RM, Baker HF, Leow-Dyke A, Cummings RM (2005) Further analysis of the effects of immunotoxic lesions of the basal nucleus of Meynert reveals substantial impairment on visual discrimination learning in monkeys. Brain Res Bull 65(5):433-442. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.02.025

Summary: Several studies in marmoset monkeys indicate that cholinergic projections from the NBM to specific portions of the neocortex are necessary for visual discrimination learning. By combining analysis of studies using a total of 1.4 µg of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) into various areas of the brain, the authors show that degeneration of cholinergic projections contributes to the loss of functions dependent on the neocortex.

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Kuczewski N, Aztiria E, Leanza G, Domenici L (2005) Selective cholinergic immunolesioning affects synaptic plasticity in developing visual cortex. Eur J Neurosci 21(7):1807-1814. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04014.x

Summary: In this study the authors examined the role of subcortical cholinergic inputs in the regulation of plastic events in the visual cortex during early postnatal development. Four-day-old mouse pups were treated with a total of 0.4 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01), using bilateral injections. Analysis of muscarinic receptor mRNA, long-term potentiation of cortex slices, and theta burst stimulation indicated that synaptic transmission and plasticity of the developing visual cortex depends on cholinergic input.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Winters BD, Bussey TJ (2005) Removal of cholinergic input to perirhinal cortex disrupts object recognition but not spatial working memory in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 21(8):2263-2270. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04055.x

Summary: The perirhinal cortex of the temporal lobe is crucial to object recognition memory. The authors examined the role of cholinergic input from the basal forebrain in this process. Rats were injected bilaterally with 0.2 µl of 0.02 µg/µl 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into 3 sites of the perirhinal cortex, and tested in object recognition and spatial working memory tasks. Spatial working memory remained intact, but object recognition was impaired, indicating a specific function for cholinergic input to the perirhinal cortex.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Ohara PT, Kelley K, Jasmin L (2005) B fragment of cholera toxin conjugated to saporin . (eds. Ronald GW, Douglas AL). Molecular Neruosurgery With Targeted Toxins 293-306. Humana. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59259-896-0_13

Summary: CTB-Saporin is a lesioning tool used to target GM1 ganglioside residues, which are highly expressed within certain nervous cell tissue. It distinguishes itself from other common saporin conjugates as it is most used not to lesion neurons but instead mylelin producing oligodendrocytes. CTB-SAP can be used to target these cells in order to study demyelination and remyelination in the spinal cord.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Northrop LE, Cameron N, Erskine M (2005) Featured Article: Noradrenergic inputs to the medial amygdala originate in the A1 and A2 cells groups and release norepinephrine after mating stimulation sufficient to induce pseudopregnancy. Targeting Trends 6(2)

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Ross RS, McGaughy J, Eichenbaum H (2005) Acetylcholine in the orbitofrontal cortex is necessary for the acquisition of a socially transmitted food preference. Learn Mem 12(3):302-306. doi: 10.1101/lm.91605

Summary: Cortical involvement in social transmission of food preference (STFP) has not been established, but the importance of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in odor-guided learning is known. The OFC of rats was injected twice with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01), then the rats were trained in STFP. Depletion of cholinergic neurons in the OFC impaired expression of the odor association, indicating that cholinergic function in the OFC is essential for this form of associative learning.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Chiken S, Tokuno H (2005) Impairment of skilled forelimb use after ablation of striatal interneurons expressing substance P receptors in rats: an analysis using a pasta matrix reaching task. Exp Brain Res 162(4):532-536. doi: 10.1007/s00221-004-2189-2

Summary: The substance P receptor is expressed by two types of interneurons in the striatum. The authors investigated whether elimination of these neurons would impair motor control by the basal ganglia. Rats were treated with 7.5 ng injections of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) into the dorsolateral part of the striatum. Lesioned animals did not perform as well as controls in a test measuring accurate reaching with the forepaw. The data show that striatal interneurons expressing the substance P receptor are necessary for accurate reaching.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Dudkin KN, Chueva V, Makarov FN, Bich TG, Roer AE (2005) Impairments in working memory and decision-taking processes in monkeys in a model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Behav Physiol 35(3):281-289. PMID: 15875490

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)