CTB-SAP [IT-14, KIT-14]

a tool for eliminating cells that express the GM1 receptor; targeted via cholera toxin B-subunit, eliminated via saporin

SKU: IT-14 Category: Quantity: Individual 25 ug, Individual 100 ug, Individual 250 ug, Individual 1 mg, Kit w/controls 25 ug, Kit w/controls 100 ug, Kit w/controls 250 ug | Conjugate: saporin | Usage: eliminates cells, retrograde transport |

The GM1 (Galactosyl-N-Acetylgalactosaminyl) receptor is found on cells such as motoneurons, sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons, astrocytes as well as cells in the intestinal epithelium.  Cholera toxin B (CTB) binds the GM1 receptor and administration of CTB-SAP causes ablation of the specific cells expressing the receptor. CTB-SAP can be used to create a model of respiratory motor neuron death to establish an animal model of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), otherwise known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. This model also demonstrates that CTB-SAP is retrogradely transported.  Intrathecal injection of CTB-SAP results in elimination of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes as well as supporting the study of demyelinating conditions.

CTB-SAP is a chemical conjugate of cholera toxin B-subunit and the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin. It specifically eliminates cells expressing the GM1 receptor, including preganglionic neurons, motoneurons, and astrocytes.

U.S. Patent 6.376,460 “Method of Modulating Cellular Activity” protects methods of peripheral injection of subjects using this neuronal tracer. Before using these methods please contact Flinders Technologies Pty. Ltd. for license information. flinderstech@flinders.edu.au

CTB-SAP is available individually (Cat. #IT-14) or as a kit (Cat. #KIT-14) which includes CTB-SAP and Saporin (Cat. #PR-01).

keywords: GM1 receptor, Cholera Toxin B, ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, animal model, lou gehrig’s disease, retrograde transport, astrocytes, demylelinating, oligodendrocytes, motoneurons , preganglionic neurons, brain, neuroscience

Reviews

There are no reviews yet.

Be the first to review “CTB-SAP [IT-14, KIT-14]”

View Data Sheet

Saporin as a commercial reagent: its uses and unexpected impacts in the biological sciences-tools from the plant kingdom

Ancheta LR, Shramm PA, Bouajram R, Higgins D, Lappi DA (2022) Saporin as a commercial reagent: its uses and unexpected impacts in the biological sciences-tools from the plant kingdom. Toxins (Basel) 14(3):184. doi: 10.3390/toxins14030184

Read complete article.

Hypoglossal motor neuron death via intralingual CTB-saporin (CTB-SAP) injections mimic aspects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) related to dysphagia

Lind LA, Murphy ER, Lever TE, Nichols NL (2018) Hypoglossal motor neuron death via intralingual CTB-saporin (CTB-SAP) injections mimic aspects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) related to dysphagia. Neuroscience 390:303-316. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.026

Objective: Despite its fundamental importance, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and strategies to preserve swallowing function have seldom been studied in ALS models.

Summary: The authors report a novel experimental model using intralingual injections of cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) to study the impact of only hypoglossal motor neuron death without the many complications that are present in ALS models.

Usage: Hypoglossal motor neuron survival, swallowing function, and hypoglossal motor output were assessed in Sprague Dawley rats after intralingual injection of either CTB-SAP (25 ug) or unconjugated CTB and SAP (controls) into the genioglossus muscle.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Phrenic long-term facilitation following intrapleural CTB-SAP-induced respiratory motor neuron death.

Nichols NL, Craig TA, Tanner MA (2018) Phrenic long-term facilitation following intrapleural CTB-SAP-induced respiratory motor neuron death. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 256:43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.08.003

Objective: To study the impact of respiratory motor neuron death.

Summary: Intrapleural CTB-SAP mimics aspects of ALS. Seven days of CTB-SAP enhances respiratory plasticity.

Usage: Bilateral intrapleural injections of: 1) CTB-SAP (25 μg), or 2) unconjugated CTB and SAP (control).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Retrogradely transported CTB-saporin kills sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Martin CL, Arnolda LF, Minson JB (1999) Retrogradely transported CTB-saporin kills sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Neuroreport 10(2):307-312. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199902050-00019

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

A2A and 5‐HT receptors are differentially required for respiratory plasticity over the course of motor neuron loss in intrapleurally CTB-SAP treated rats.

Borkowski LF, Nichols NL (2019) A2A and 5‐HT receptors are differentially required for respiratory plasticity over the course of motor neuron loss in intrapleurally CTB-SAP treated rats. FASEB J 33(1):843.3. Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting Abstracts doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.843.3

Objective: To investigate the role of serotonin (5-HT) and adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors in respiratory plasticity.

Summary: A2A receptors are necessary for respiratory plasticity early (7d), but 5-HT receptors are required late (28d).

Usage: Bilateral, intrapleural injections of: 1) CTB-SAP (25 μg), or 2) un-conjugated CTB and SAP (control) in rats.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Adenosine 2A receptor inhibition promotes neuroprotection following toxic insult to phrenic motor neurons.

Sajjadi E, Seven YB, Simon AK, Zwick A, Satriotomo I, Mitchell GS (2019) Adenosine 2A receptor inhibition promotes neuroprotection following toxic insult to phrenic motor neurons. FASEB J 33(1):844.3. Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting Abstracts doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.844.3

Objective: The authors explored the role of A2A receptors in phrenic motor neuron cell death in vivo.

Summary: A2A receptors, which contribute to motor neuron death during toxic insults, are upregulated in spared phrenic motor neurons of CTB-SAP treated rats. This is an important finding since A2A receptor upregulation may accelerate motor neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS.

Usage: CTB-SAP selectively killed nearly all phrenic motor neurons within a week and caused diaphragm paralysis (p<0.01).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

browse all references for this product | back to top

Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

CTB Products:

CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Recombinant Cholera Toxin B (Cat. #PR-14)

ATS Animal Models

CTB-SAP and Targeted Ablation of dCSF-CNs

Cholera Toxin B-Saporin: A targeting tool to study ALS

Cover Article: IB4-SAP Prevents Axotomy-Induced Sprouting of Aß Fibers

Cholera toxin B-saporin cytotoxicity is correlated with the extent of GM1 expression on the cell surface

Targeting Tools: CTB-SAP

Cytotoxicity Assay for Targeted Toxins in vitro

Concentration Calculation Explained: Convert molarity to mg/ml and mg/ml to molarity

Preparing and Interpreting Cytotoxicity Data in vitro

browse all protocols and calculators | back to top

Shopping Cart
Scroll to Top