targeted-toxins

Khasabov SG, Ghilardi JR, Mantyh PW, Simone DA (2005) Spinal neurons that express NK-1 receptors modulate descending controls that project through the dorsolateral funiculus. J Neurophysiol 93(2):998-1006. doi: 10.1152/jn.01160.2003

Summary: The involvement of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the spinal cord with the ascending systems of hyperalgesia and central sensitization has been well established. The authors used 10 µl injections of 5 µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) into the intrathecal space of rats, and examined the descending systems that travel via the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF). While SP-SAP alone had no effect, administration of SP-SAP in conjunction with a DLF transection enhanced neuronal responses to mechanical and heat stimuli.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Harrell LE, Parsons DS, Kolasa K (2005) The effect of central cholinergic and noradrenergic denervation on hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth and apoptosis-like reactivity in the rat. Brain Res 1033(1):68-77. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.021

Summary: Cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus is followed by ingrowth of peripheral sympathetic fibers originating from the superior cervical ganglion. The authors injected 1 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum of rats along with a noradrenergic fiber neurotoxin to investigate whether the noradrenergic system was involved with this ingrowth as well. The data provide more evidence that hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth can be stimulated by cholinergic denervation alone.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Turchi J, Saunders RC, Mishkin M (2005) Effects of cholinergic deafferentation of the rhinal cortex on visual recognition memory in monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(6):2158-2161. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409708102

Summary: The rhinal cortex has been shown to play a critical role in recognition memory. The investigators examined the effect of eliminating cholinergic input to the rhinal cortex on the formation of new visual memories in macaques. Animals were given 0.01 µg injections of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) into the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. The selective cholinergic deafferentation produced a substantial impairment of visual recognition memory, suggesting that cholinergic activation is essential for the formation of new visual memories.

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Marques Pereira P, Cosquer B, Schimchowitsch S, Cassel JC (2005) Hebb-Williams performance and scopolamine challenge in rats with partial immunotoxic hippocampal cholinergic deafferentation. Brain Res Bull 64(5):381-394. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.09.007

Summary: Much of the recent work done on the role of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus has been focused on detecting subtle learning deficits. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of 0.368 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) administered to the medial septum of rats in four injections. A complex learning task, the Hebb-Williams maze, was used to define small deficits in the learning performance of the lesioned animals prior to, and after the injection of scopolamine.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Harle P, Mobius D, Carr DJ, Scholmerich J, Straub RH (2005) An opposing time-dependent immune-modulating effect of the sympathetic nervous system conferred by altering the cytokine profile in the local lymph nodes and spleen of mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 52:1305-1313. doi: 10.1002/art.20987

Summary: In this work the authors examined the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in late stages of chronic arthritis. 5 µg intraperitoneal injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) in mice were used to confirm that previous 6OHDA injections caused a sympathectomy. The results demonstrate that the SNS supports inflammation during the asymptomatic phase of arthritis, but inhibits inflammation during the chronic symptomatic phase.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Pearson M (2005) Featured Article: IB4-SAP prevents axotomy-induced sprouting of Aß fibers. Targeting Trends 6(1)

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Pearson MS et al. IB4-SAP reduces IB4 staining in the spinal cord and prevents axotomy induced sprouting of Aβ fibers. Neuroscience 2004 Abstracts 858.6, 2004. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA

Yoder RM, Pang KC (2005) Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in hippocampal theta rhythm. Hippocampus 15(3):381-392. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20062

Summary: It is thought that hippocampal theta rhythm (HPCθ) is involved in attention and acquisition of sensory information. The HPCθ circuit includes the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), which projects to the hippocampus through GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. A total of 0.325 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into the MSDB of rats. Hippocampal recordings measuring field potential oscillations were taken, indicating that both GABAergic and cholinergic neurons are involved in HPCθ.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Jeltsch H, Lazarus C, Cosquer B, Galani R, Cassel JC (2004) No facilitation of amphetamine- or cocaine-induced hyperactivity in adult rats after various 192 IgG-saporin lesions in the basal forebrain. Brain Res 1029(2):259-271. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.09.053

Summary: Previous data have indicated that intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) induce a dramatic increase of the locomotor response to amphetamine. The authors of this study examined the locomotor effects of several lesions on the response to amphetamine or cocaine. Rats were injected with 5 µg 192-Saporin icv or 0.4 µg bilaterally into the septal region, or 0.4 µg into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. While the results did not confirm the amphetamine effect, they did suggest that the effect of cocaine can be altered by these lesions.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Tarpley JW, Kohler MG, Martin WJ (2004) The behavioral and neuroanatomical effects of IB(4)-saporin treatment in rat models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Brain Res 1029(1):65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.09.027

Summary: Using the fact that primary afferent neurons bind isolectin B4 (IB4), the authors injected 5 µg of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) into the sciatic nerve in the left thigh. After recovery, these animals were then treated with a L5 spinal nerve ligation. Lesioned animals displayed attenuated NGF-induced hyperalgesia, as well as differences in other pain-model markers. The data indicate that IB4-positive C-fibers play a discrete role in NGF-induced hyperalgesia, as well as in the development of neuropathic pain.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Jonasson Z, Cahill JF, Tobey RE, Baxter MG (2004) Sexually dimorphic effects of hippocampal cholinergic deafferentation in rats. Eur J Neurosci 20(11):3041-3053. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03739.x

Summary: Studies of cholinergic neuron lesions have been performed almost exclusively in male animals. In this work, the authors examined the differences of cholinergic lesions between males and females. Rats were treated with four injections totaling 0.15 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band. The results demonstrate differences in learning and memory processes between male and female rats.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)