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B fragment of cholera toxin conjugated to saporin
Ohara PT, Kelley K, Jasmin L (2005) B fragment of cholera toxin conjugated to saporin . (eds. Ronald GW, Douglas AL). Molecular Neruosurgery With Targeted Toxins 293-306. Humana. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59259-896-0_13
Summary: CTB-Saporin is a lesioning tool used to target GM1 ganglioside residues, which are highly expressed within certain nervous cell tissue. It distinguishes itself from other common saporin conjugates as it is most used not to lesion neurons but instead mylelin producing oligodendrocytes. CTB-SAP can be used to target these cells in order to study demyelination and remyelination in the spinal cord.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Featured Article: Noradrenergic inputs to the medial amygdala originate in the A1 and A2 cells groups and release norepinephrine after mating stimulation sufficient to induce pseudopregnancy
Northrop LE, Cameron N, Erskine M (2005) Featured Article: Noradrenergic inputs to the medial amygdala originate in the A1 and A2 cells groups and release norepinephrine after mating stimulation sufficient to induce pseudopregnancy. Targeting Trends 6(2)
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Acetylcholine in the orbitofrontal cortex is necessary for the acquisition of a socially transmitted food preference.
Ross RS, McGaughy J, Eichenbaum H (2005) Acetylcholine in the orbitofrontal cortex is necessary for the acquisition of a socially transmitted food preference. Learn Mem 12(3):302-306. doi: 10.1101/lm.91605
Summary: Cortical involvement in social transmission of food preference (STFP) has not been established, but the importance of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in odor-guided learning is known. The OFC of rats was injected twice with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01), then the rats were trained in STFP. Depletion of cholinergic neurons in the OFC impaired expression of the odor association, indicating that cholinergic function in the OFC is essential for this form of associative learning.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Impairment of skilled forelimb use after ablation of striatal interneurons expressing substance P receptors in rats: an analysis using a pasta matrix reaching task.
Chiken S, Tokuno H (2005) Impairment of skilled forelimb use after ablation of striatal interneurons expressing substance P receptors in rats: an analysis using a pasta matrix reaching task. Exp Brain Res 162(4):532-536. doi: 10.1007/s00221-004-2189-2
Summary: The substance P receptor is expressed by two types of interneurons in the striatum. The authors investigated whether elimination of these neurons would impair motor control by the basal ganglia. Rats were treated with 7.5 ng injections of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) into the dorsolateral part of the striatum. Lesioned animals did not perform as well as controls in a test measuring accurate reaching with the forepaw. The data show that striatal interneurons expressing the substance P receptor are necessary for accurate reaching.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Impairments in working memory and decision-taking processes in monkeys in a model of Alzheimer’s disease.
Dudkin KN, Chueva V, Makarov FN, Bich TG, Roer AE (2005) Impairments in working memory and decision-taking processes in monkeys in a model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Behav Physiol 35(3):281-289. PMID: 15875490
Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Basomedial hypothalamic injections of neuropeptide Y conjugated to saporin selectively disrupt hypothalamic controls of food intake.
Bugarith K, Dinh TT, Li AJ, Speth RC, Ritter S (2005) Basomedial hypothalamic injections of neuropeptide Y conjugated to saporin selectively disrupt hypothalamic controls of food intake. Endocrinology 146(3):1179-1191. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-1166
Summary: The authors examined the effect of 48 ng injections of NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28) into the basomedial hypothalamus (BMH) on glucoprivic feeding in rats. While there was no evidence of retrograde transport, the lesions inhibited responses to intracerebroventricular leptin and ghrelin. Neither the feeding nor the hyperglycemic response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose was affected by the lesion, indicating that these hindbrain processes do not utilize neurons in the BMH. This work also describes dosing and injection parameter studies for the use of NPY-SAP.
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Elimination of rat spinal neurons expressing neurokinin 1 receptors reduces bladder overactivity and spinal c-fos expression induced by bladder irritation.
Seki S, Erickson KA, Seki M, Nishizawa O, Igawa Y, Ogawa T, de Groat WC, Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N (2005) Elimination of rat spinal neurons expressing neurokinin 1 receptors reduces bladder overactivity and spinal c-fos expression induced by bladder irritation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288(3):F466-F473. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00274.2004
Summary: Substance P is reported to play a role in the micturition reflex as well as in nociceptive responses. The authors investigated the role that neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing cells in the spinal cord play in the micturition reflex of rats. 8 µl of 1.0 or 1.5 µM SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) was injected into the L6-S1 level of the spinal cord, and cystometric parameters were measured before and after capsaicin administration to the bladder. Lesioned animals did not display the bladder overactivity normally seen in the presence of capsaicin.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)
Evaluation of cholinergic markers in Alzheimer’s disease and in a model of cholinergic deficit.
Gil-Bea FJ, Garcia-Alloza M, Dominguez J, Marcos B, Ramirez MJ (2005) Evaluation of cholinergic markers in Alzheimer’s disease and in a model of cholinergic deficit. Neurosci Lett 375(1):37-41. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.062
Summary: Several markers of cholinergic function may be able to predict cognitive deficits due to disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. The authors compared baseline measurements of acetylcholine, cholinacetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of rats against animals treated with 0.067 µg injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into both hemispheres of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. The results indicate that measurement of AChE activity is an inexpensive and reliable method to evaluate cholinergic function in rats as well as in humans.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Purkinje cell loss by OX7-saporin impairs excitatory and inhibitory eyeblink conditioning.
Nolan BC, Freeman JH Jr (2005) Purkinje cell loss by OX7-saporin impairs excitatory and inhibitory eyeblink conditioning. Behav Neurosci 119(1):190-201. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.119.1.190
Summary: Although the contributions of the cortical cerebellum to eyeblink-conditioned excitation have been extensively investigated, involvement in inhibition of this reflex is unclear. After intracerebroventricular infusions of 15.0 µg of OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), rats displayed impaired retention and savings of preinfusion excitatory conditioning, indicating that the Purkinje cells that were eliminated by OX7-SAP are essential for maintenance of excitatory eyeblink conditioning. Inhibition is not prevented by loss of these Purkinje cells, suggesting that extracerebellar structures play a critical role in this process.
Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)
Ablation of a population of neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is insufficient to induce sprouting of touch responsive myelinated afferents into the innervation territory of pain sensitive unmyelinated afferents.
Whiteside GT, Woods ME, Pearson MS, Pomonis JD, Turchin PI, Walker K (2005) Ablation of a population of neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is insufficient to induce sprouting of touch responsive myelinated afferents into the innervation territory of pain sensitive unmyelinated afferents. Med Hypotheses Res 2:275-282.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)