References

Loftén A, Cadeddu D, Danielsson K, Stomberg R, Adermark L, Söderpalm B, Ericson M (2024) Reduced alcohol consumption following ablation of cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens of wistar rats. Addict Biol 30(2):e70022. doi: 10.1111/adb.70022 PMID: 39936333

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of accumbal Cholinergic interneurons (CIN) in alcohol-related behavior.

Summary: Rats with depleted CIN consumed significantly less alcohol than sham-treated controls. No differences in sucrose preference, motor activity, water intake or weight gain were noted between treatment groups, suggesting that the ablation selectively affected alcohol-related behavior. In conclusion, this study further supports a role for accumbal CIN in regulating alcohol-consummatory behavior.

Usage: Ablation of CIN was induced by local administration of Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat #IT-42) bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens of male Wistar rats. Dose: 0.5 and 0.75 μg/ul.

Related Products: Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42)

Yelamali AR, Chendamarai E, Ritchey JK, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF, Persaud SP (2024) Streptavidin-drug conjugates streamline optimization of antibody-based conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. bioRxiv 2024.02.12.579199. doi: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579199 PMID: 38405731

Objective: Use biotinylated CD45.2 antibodies conjugated to Streptavidin to target hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for HSC transplantation.

Summary: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a promising alternative to standard cancer treatments. Using Click Chemistry, different toxic payloads were attached to streptavidin and observed.

Usage: 75 micrograms of CD45.2 delivered to HSCs deriving from B6 mice.

Related Products: Anti-CD45.2-SAP (Cat. #IT-91), Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Abdolvahab MH, Karimi P, Mohajeri N, Abedini M, Zare H (2024) Targeted drug delivery using nanobodies to deliver effective molecules to breast cancer cells: The most attractive application of nanobodies. Cancer Cell Int 24(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12935-024-03259-8 PMID: 38341580

Objective: Using nanobodies to deliver saporin to breast cancer cells.

Summary: Through the binding of saporin to a nanobody, a fragment of an antibody, breast cancer cells that over-express Her2 can be targeted and eliminated. Binding of saporin in nanoparticles to 11A4 nanobody (anti-HER2 receptor) showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against SK-BR-3 cells when tested. Photochemical internalization of saporin loaded nanoparticles also demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicty in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells.

Related Products: Trastuzumab (Anti-HER2)-SAP (Cat. #IT-95)

See Also:

• Martínez-Jothar L, Beztsinna N, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE, Oliveira S (2019) Selective Cytotoxicity to HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Cells by Saporin-Loaded Nanobody-Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles in Combination with Photochemical Internalization. Mol Pharm 16(4):1633-1647. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01318 PMID: 30817164

Aerts EG, Griesgraber MJ, Shuping SL, Bowdridge EC, Hardy SL, Goodman RL, Nestor CC, Hileman SM (2024) The effect of NK3-Saporin injection within the arcuate nucleus on puberty, the LH surge, and the response to Senktide in female sheep. Biol Reprod 110(2):275-287. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioad147 PMID: 37930247

Objective: To investigate the role of NKB-SAP (NK3-SAP) in the arcuate nucleus on the timing of puberty, the LH surge, and the response to the NK3R agonist senktide in female sheep.

Summary: This study explores how the ablation of NK3R-containing neurons in the arcuate nucleus affects puberty onset and reproductive hormone dynamics in female sheep. The findings demonstrate that NK3-SAP injections significantly delay puberty, reduce the amplitude of the LH surge, and alter the response to senktide, underscoring the critical role of NK3R-containing neurons in reproductive function.

Usage: Prepubertal ewes received 1 μL (0.7 μg) of NKB-SAP (NK3-SAP) [IT-63] or Blank-SAP (IT-21) injections aimed at the arcuate (ARC) nucleus to ablate neurons expressing NK3R.

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Wang J, Zhang S, Li Y, Xu Q, Kritzer JA (2024) Investigating the cytosolic delivery of proteins by lipid nanoparticles using the chloroalkane penetration assay. Biochemistry doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00614 PMID: 38334719

Objective: To investigate bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein encapsulation and release within polylysine/polyglutamate (PLys/PGlu) coacervates.

Summary: The findings emphasize the importance of ingredient addition sequence in coacervate formation and encapsulation rates, attributed to preference contact between oppositely charged proteins and poly(amino acid)s.

Usage: The positively-charged saporin and lysozyme protein exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency when first combined with PGlu, followed by the addition of PLys in simulations of the coacervate encapsulation of saporin.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Rodríguez-Ramírez KT, Norte-Muñoz M, Lucas-Ruiz F, Gallego-Ortega A, Calzaferri F, García-Bernal D, Martínez CM, Galindo-Romero C, de Los Ríos C, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M (2024) Retinal response to systemic inflammation differs between sexes and neurons. Front Immunol 15:1340013. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340013 PMID: 38384465

Objective: To examine how systemic inflammation, induced by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), affects the retina of male and female mice. The study also evaluates whether blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome and the extrinsic apoptosis pathway provides retinal protection.

Summary: Systemic LPS exposure leads to neuronal and sex-specific adverse effects in the mouse retina. These effects are mitigated by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, highlighting their protective roles.

Usage: Immunodetection (1:750; AB-N39)

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Maloney R, Quattrochi L, Yoon J, Souza R, Berson D (2024) Efficacy and specificity of melanopsin reporters for retinal ganglion cells. J Comp Neurol 532(2):e25591. doi: 10.1002/cne.25591 PMID: 38375612

Objective: To evaluate the precision and comprehensiveness of various labeling methods for intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs).

Summary: The authors provide a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations of each approach and highlight the need for tailored methods based on specific research applications.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:10,000) (AB-N38).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Martínez-Gardeazabal J, Moreno-Rodríguez M, Llorente-Ovejero A, González de San Román E, Lombardero L, Bengoetxea de Tena I, Sustacha J, Matute C (2024) Cell lipotypes localization in brain by mass spectrometry imaging. bioRxiv doi: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578599

Objective: Characterizing the type of different central nervous system cells via mass spectrometry of their component lipids.

Summary: Different varieties of cells in the central nervous system perform different functions and, as a consequence, have different compositions. Using purified rat cell cultures of neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and choroid plexus cells, a model was constructed to identify the localization of any brain cell through mass spectrum imaging of the lipid composition.

Usage: Injected 192-IgG-SAP (130 ng/µl) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbM) of rats.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Matcham AC, Toma K, Tsai NY, Sze CJ, Lin PY, Stewart IF, Duan X (2024) Cadherin-13 Maintains Retinotectal Synapses via Transneuronal Interactions. J Neurosci 44(5):e1310232023. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1310-23.2023 PMID: 38123991

Objective: To explore the role of Type II cadherins, particularly Cdh13, in the formation of specific retinotectal synapses.

Summary: Cdh13 is highly expressed in wide-field neurons of the superficial superior colliculus (sSC), and its removal from presynaptic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leads to a significant reduction in dendritic spines on postsynaptic wide-field neurons. Unlike αRGCs and On–Off Direction-Selective Ganglion Cells (ooDSGCs), Cdh13-expressing RGCs utilize distinct mechanisms to establish precise retinotectal connections.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:500).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Björklund A, Barker RA (2024) The basal forebrain cholinergic system as target for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Brain awae026. doi: 10.1093/brain/awae026 PMID: 38279949

Objective: Review the use of cholinergic cell replacement as a potential therapeutic strategy in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and how rodent models of PD-like cognitive decline can be used by analyzing rodent and primate studies.

Summary: Although therapies targeting the cholinergic system have so far been focused mainly on patients with Alzheimer´s disease, PD with dementia may be a more relevant condition. In PD with dementia the Basal Forebrain system undergoes progressive degeneration, and the magnitude of cholinergic cell loss has been shown to correlate with the level of cognitive impairment. Thus, cell therapy aimed to replace the lost basal forebrain cholinergic neurons represents an interesting strategy to combat some of the major cognitive impairments in patients with PD dementia.

Usage: Rats were given 192-IgG-SAP (IT-01), 0.2-0.4 μg, delivered as a single 0.3-1.0 μl injection into either the substantia innominate/nucleus basalis of Meynert (SI/NBM) or the medial septum/ventral diagonal band (MS/VDB).

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)