References

Karthikeyan R, Davies WIL, Gunhaga L (2023) Non-image-forming functional roles of OPN3, OPN4 and OPN5 photopigments. J Photochem Photobiol 15:100177. doi: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100177

Objective: To review recent studies that focus on the non-image-forming functional roles of the OPN3, OPN4, and OPN5 photopigments.

Summary: This publication explores the non-image-forming functions of OPN3, OPN4, and OPN5 photopigments, highlighting their roles in various physiological processes such as regulation of circadian rhythms, pupillary light responses, modulation of sleep, mood, and hormone secretion, providing insights into the diverse functions of these photopigments beyond vision.

Related Products: Melanopsin-SAP (Cat. #IT-44)

Nestor CC, Merkley CM, Lehman MN, Hileman SM, Goodman RL (2023) KNDy neurons as the GnRH pulse generator: Recent studies in ruminants. Peptides 164:171005. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171005 PMID: 36990389

Objective: This publication aims to summarize and provide an overview of recent studies investigating the role of KNDy neurons as the pulse generator for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release in ruminants.

Summary: Recent studies in ruminants, specifically sheep and cows, have investigated the role of KNDy neurons in driving the pulsatile release of GnRH. These studies have demonstrated the rhythmic electrical activity of KNDy neurons, coinciding with the pulsatile secretion of GnRH in ewes, suggesting their central role as the pulse generator. Additionally, the expression patterns of genes related to KNDy neurons and GnRH pulsatility have been examined in cows, revealing variations throughout the estrous cycle and indicating a potential involvement of KNDy neurons in regulating GnRH release in this species. These findings contribute to our understanding of reproductive physiology in ruminants and have implications for both animal and human reproductive health.

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63)

Konturek-Ciesla A, Dhapola P, Zhang Q, Säwén P, Wan H, Karlsson G, Bryder D (2023) Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. Cell Rep 42(4):112304. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112304 PMID: 36961818

Objective: Using single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling to study hematopoiesis and the effects from aging.

Summary: The contribution from Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to mature blood cells decline with age. The authors used transcriptome and epitope profiling to reconstruct early hematopoiesis and assessed HSC-specific lineage tracing. Their analysis identified previously uncharacterized cell populations which included multipotent progenitor cells (MPP) Ly-1 and Ly-II. Flt3 is a marker indicative of early differentiation found on MPP cells and was targeted for elimination via an antibody to Flt3 combined with Streptavidin-ZAP. This cell depletion provided evidence for the lack of self-renewal of Ly-1 and Ly-II cells in a transplantation setting and suggests that they need to be continuously replenished by upstream HSPCs.

Usage: Biotinylated anti-CD135 (clone A2F10) was combined with Streptavidin-ZAP at a 1:1 molar ratio, diluted in PBS to 0.2 mg/ml and injected into mice at 3 mg/kg.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Donertas-Ayaz B, Caudle RM (2023) Locus coeruleus-noradrenergic modulation of trigeminal pain: Implications for trigeminal neuralgia and psychiatric comorbidities. Neurobiol Pain 13:100124. doi: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100124 PMID: 36974102

Objective: To summarize the knowledge about the involvement of noradrenaline in acute and chronic trigeminal pain conditions and how the activity of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons changes in response to acute and chronic pain conditions and how these changes might be involved in pain-related comorbidities including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance.

Summary: LC inhibition of nociceptive transmission in acute pain and in longterm neuropathic pain increases the tonic activity of LC-NA neurons. These changes may contribute to impaired descending pain modulation and pain-related comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.

Usage: Elimination of NA neurons via injection of anti-dopamine β-hydroxylase-saporin (Anti-DBH-SAP) into the lateral ventricle and trigeminal brainstem nuclei three weeks after infraorbital nerve injury attenuated mechanical allodynia

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Zaichenko MI, Philenko P, Sidorina V, Grigoryan GA (2023) Acute and chronic lipopolysaccharide-induced stress changes expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in the rat brain region-specifically and affects learning and memory. Biochemistry Moscow 88:526-538. doi: 10.1134/S0006297923040089

Objective: Goal of the work was to conduct comparative analysis of the effects of acute and chronic lipopolysaccharide- induced stress on the behavior of rats in the Morris water maze test and on expression of mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF in different brain structures.

Summary: Chronic stress, depression, and other neuropsychiatric disorders have been often associated with inflammation processes and activity of the brain immune system. In order to investigate association of neuroinflammation with such disorders the model of proinflammatory bacterial lipopolysaccharide intoxication was used. In the experiments with rats, acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stress improved learning in the Morris water maze and caused substantial increase of the TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA concentrations in the hippocampus and amygdala, but not in the frontal lobe in comparison with the control animals. Hprt and Ywhaz genes were selected for use as molecular biology reference genes based on the analysis of the rat hippocampus transcriptome from the work done by Dobryakova, Y.V. et. al (2018) Intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin alters expression of microglia-associated genes in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Dobryakova YV et al. Intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin alters expression of microglia-associated genes in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 10:429, 2018.

Myers B, Islam S, Gleber Netto FO, Debnath KC, Srivastava S, Xie T, Akhter S, Adebayo AA, Miller J, Lothumalia S, Sathiskumar HN, Amit M (2023) Targeting nociceptive and cholinergic nerves in irradiated oropharyngeal cancer model reveals novel mechanism for dysphagia. Cancer Neuroscience Symposium

Objective: Explore the hypothesis that modulation of cholinergic (CHAT+) and nociceptive (CGRP+) neurons correlate with improved dysphagia.

Summary: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common types of head and neck cancer. Treatment for OPSCC includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of therapies. Despite advances in treatment, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is still a major burden for patients with OPSCC. The study established a novel murine OPSCC model to explore the role of nerves in dysphagia with cholinergic (CHAT) and nociceptive (CGRP) neurons playing an important role in swallowing outcomes. Targeting CHAT and CGRP could be a novel strategy for OPSCC patients with dysphagia.

Usage: 500 ng of Anti-ChAT-SAP was injected into the trigeminal ganglion in mice.

Related Products: Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42)

Ancheta LR, Shramm PA, Bouajram R, Higgins D, Lappi DA (2023) Streptavidin-saporin: Converting biotinylated materials into targeted toxins. Toxins 15(3):181. doi: 10.3390/toxins15030181

Summary: This manuscript describes the myriad of ways Streptavidin-ZAP is used and how this technology supports the scientific process of ‘Molecular Surgery’ and progress in research and drug development. Insights from publications and research performed using Streptavidin-ZAP and its impact on academia and industry for research and drug development are presented.

Read the full article.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Iqbal Z, Lei Z, Ramkrishnan AS, Liu S, Hasan M, Akter M, Lam YY, Li Y (2023) Adrenergic signalling to astrocytes in anterior cingulate cortex contributes to pain-related aversive memory in rats. Commun Biol 6:10. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04405-6 PMID: 36604595

Objective: To identify the role of norepinephrine in colorectal distention (sub-threshold for acute pain) induced conditioned place avoidance and plasticity gene expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

Summary: The findings suggest that projection-specific adrenergic astrocytic signaling in ACC is integral to system-wide neuromodulation in response to visceral stimuli and plays a key role in mediating pain-related aversion consolidation and memory formation.

Usage: 0.25 ug of Anti-DBH-SAP (1 μg/μl) was injected into each hemisphere of locus coeruleus (LC).

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Leanza G, Zorec R (2023) Towards astroglia-based noradrenergic hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Function (Oxf) 4(1):zqac060., IT. doi: 10.1093/function/zqac060 PMID: 36590326

Summary: These results indicate a prominent role of NA-neurons vs. ACh neurons in impairments of working memory, relevant for AD, and are consistent with an astrocyte-specific metabolic impairment in a mouse model of intellectual disability.

Usage: Bilateral icv injection of 192-IgG-SAP and/or Anti-DBH-SAP

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Fullerton E (2022) The impact of advanced age on morphine anti-hyperalgesia and the role of mu opioid receptor signaling in the periaqueductal gray of male and female rats. Georgia State University doi: 10.57709/30509896

Objective: To investigate the impact of advanced age on the antihyperalgesic effect of morphine, as well as its association with changes in μ-opioid receptor expression and binding in the rat midbrain Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) in both male and female rats.

Summary: This study examined the effects of advanced age on the antihyperalgesic properties of morphine and its relationship with mu-opioid receptor expression and binding in the rat midbrain Periaqueductal Gray (PAG). The findings revealed that advanced age attenuated the antihyperalgesic effect of morphine, accompanied by a decrease in mu-opioid receptor expression and binding in the PAG of both male and female rats, suggesting age-related alterations in opioid signaling that may contribute to reduced analgesic efficacy in older individuals.

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