References

Hernandez-Melesio MA, Gonzalez-Esquivel D, Ortiz-Plata A, Sanchez-Mendoza A, Sanchez-Garcia A, Alcaraz-Zubeldia M, Rios C, Perez-Severiano F (2011) Molsidomine modulates the cNOS activity in an experimental model of cholinergic damage induced by 192-IgG saporin. Neurosci Lett 491(2):133-137. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.023

Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is required for the survival of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. Delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) is related to the modulation of NO – as excessive NO can lead to excitotoxicity. The authors administered molsidomine to rats that had previously received 220 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum. Molsidomine is a NO donator, and produced a significant recovery of NO activity in lesioned animals, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Heldmann U, Mine Y, Kokaia Z, Ekdahl CT, Lindvall O (2011) Selective depletion of Mac-1-expressing microglia in rat subventricular zone does not alter neurogenic response early after stroke. Exp Neurol 229(2):391-398. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.03.005

Summary: One result of ischemic stroke is migration of newly formed neuroblasts into the injured area from the subventricular zone (SVZ). The authors investigated the role of microglia, which also accumulate in the SVZ after stroke, in this process. Rats received 5-µg or 10-µg intracerebroventricular injections of Mac-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-33) with varying schedules as to injection and sacrifice. The data indicate that the presence of microglia after stroke does not affect the number or migration of neuroblasts from the SVZ.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)

Takasusuki T, Yaksh TL (2011) The effects of intrathecal and systemic gabapentin on spinal substance P release. Anesth Analg 112(4):971-976. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31820f2a16 PMID: 21385982

Summary: Intrathecal or systemically-administered gabapentin is an antihyperalgesic. Given that gabapentin binds a voltage-sensitive calcium channel and that some of these channels regulate substance P (SP) release, the authors investigated whether gabapentin affects SP levels. Immunohistochemistry was done in rats following a gabapentin/formalin pain model. A neurokinin-1 receptor antibody (Cat. #AB-N04) was used to quantitate NK1r, and therefore assess SP activity. It was found that both spinal and systemic gabapentin inhibit SP release from small, primary afferents.

Related Products: Antibody to NK-1 Receptor (Cat. #AB-N04)

Ocampo-Garces A, Ibanez F, Perdomo G, Torrealba F (2011) Orexin-B-saporin lesions in the lateral hypothalamus enhance photic masking of rapid eye movement sleep in the albino rat. J Sleep Res 20:3-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00864.x

Summary: Photic masking occurs when photic input to the retina interferes with REM sleep. Rats that received 200 ng of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the lateral hypothalamus experienced dramatically less REM sleep during normal light cycles. Placing them in a skeleton photoperiod (brief pulses of light, one in the morning and one in the evening), however, caused REM sleep during the rest phase to return to normal. This data suggests that photic masking may explain some effects of narcolepsy and cataplexy.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Sawada R, Sun SM, Wu X, Hong F, Ragupathi G, Livingston PO, Scholz WW (2011) Human monoclonal antibodies to Sialyl-Lewisa (CA19.9) with potent CDC, ADCC, and antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 17(5):1024-1032. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2640

Summary: In this work the authors investigated the use of a carbohydrate antigen, sialyl-Lewisa (CA19.9), as a target for cancer therapeutics. Human monoclonal antibodies were generated against CA19.9 and characterized using ELISA and flow cytometry. To assess internalization one antibody, 5B1, was combined with Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22) and applied to CA19.9-expressing BxPC3 cells. The cytotoxicity of the 5B1-Hum- ZAP complex indicates that CA19.9 may be a target for cancer therapy.

Related Products: Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22)

Chen AI, Nguyen CN, Copenhagen DR, Badurek S, Minichiello L, Ranscht B, Reichardt LF (2011) TrkB (Tropomyosin-related kinase B) controls the assembly and maintenance of GABAergic synapses in the cerebellar cortex. J Neurosci 31(8):2769-2780. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4991-10.2011 PMID: 21414899

Summary: In this work the authors investigated the role of TrkB in GABAergic inhibitory synapses in the mouse cerebellar cortex. Using a variety of techniques, including immunohistochemistry utilizing an mGluR2 antibody (Cat. #AB-N32), it was shown that TrkB is required for both assembly and maintenance of these synapses. The primary role of TrkB appears to be regulating the localization of synaptic constituents.

Related Products: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (mGluR2) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N32)

Paban V, Chambon C, Farioli F, Alescio-Lautier B (2011) Gene regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex after learning with or without cholinergic insult. Neurobiol Learn Mem 95(4):441-452. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.02.005

Summary: Microarray technology was used to screen gene expression in a model of attention and memory deficit. Rats received bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum and nucleus basalis magnocellularis (37.5 ng per side and 75 ng per side respectively). Gene expression in memory loss following the lesion was defined by one cluster related to cytoskeleton organization and proliferation, and glial and vascular remodeling. These are processes associated with brain repair after injury.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Rennie K, Frechette M, Pappas BA (2011) The effects of neonatal forebrain cholinergic lesion on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Res 1373(10):79-90. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.091

Summary: Intraventricular injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) have been shown to reduce the number of cells expressing a marker for immature neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus, as well as possibly impairing the response to environmental enrichment. This study looked to expand on those observations. 300 ng of 192-IgG-SAP was infused into each ventricle of post-natal day 7 rats. The data suggest that the lesion accelerates the death of newborn cells, but does not affect survival rate or phenotypic differentiation.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Li AJ, Wang Q, Ritter S (2011) Participation of hindbrain AMP-activated protein kinase in glucoprivic feeding. Diabetes 60(2):436-442. doi: 10.2337/db10-0352

Summary: Catecholamine neurons innervating the medial hypothalamus are involved in the control of glucoprivic feeding as well as other responses to glucose deficit. Rats received bilateral 82-ng injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Lesioned animals did not respond to the administration of a competitive glucose inhibitor, nor did they display phosphorylation of pAMPKα, suggesting that AMPK may be part of a glucose- sensing mechanism.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Gibbs RB, Chipman AM, Nelson D (2011) Donepezil plus estradiol treatment enhances learning and delay-dependent memory performance by young ovariectomized rats with partial loss of septal cholinergic neurons. Horm Behav 59(4):503-511. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.01.011

Summary: Among the beneficial effects of estrogen on the brain are improved cognitive performance and prevention of age-related cognitive decline. These positive effects diminish over time following loss of ovarian function. To investigate the role of cholinergic neurons in this process, rats received 96-250 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septal nucleus followed by a cholinergic enhancer and estradiol therapy. The dual therapy had a positive effect on partially lesioned animals, but did not improve the performance of animals with severe lesions.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)