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Neural and hormonal control of food hoarding.
Bartness TJ, Keen-Rhinehart E, Dailey MJ, Teubner BJ (2011) Neural and hormonal control of food hoarding. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301(3):R641-R655. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00137.2011
Summary: Hoarding of food is a commonly found behavior in humans and animals. This review discusses the neuronal and hormonal processes involved in the control of food hoarding. Several aspects of food hoarding are examined, including the role of food deprivation, environment, levels of hormones like leptin, ghrelin, and levels of peptides such as cholecystokinin. One experiment discussed injected NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28) into the arcuate nucleus of rats, which changed food hoarding responses to deprivation.
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)
BDNF concentrations are decreased in serum and parietal cortex in immunotoxin 192 IgG-Saporin rat model of cholinergic degeneration.
Angelucci F, Gelfo F, De Bartolo P, Caltagirone C, Petrosini L (2011) BDNF concentrations are decreased in serum and parietal cortex in immunotoxin 192 IgG-Saporin rat model of cholinergic degeneration. Neurochem Int 59(1):1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.04.010
Summary: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in neuronal function during the degeneration of neurons caused by pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. In order to investigate the relationship between brain and serum BDNF levels the authors administered 2 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into each lateral ventricle of rats and measured brain and serum BDNF levels by ELISA. It was found that BDNF levels dropped in lesioned animals, but not until 15 days post surgery.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Brain stem catecholamines circuitry: Activation by alcohol and role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to this drug.
Lee S, Craddock Z, Rivier C (2011) Brain stem catecholamines circuitry: Activation by alcohol and role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to this drug. J Neuroendocrinol 23(6):531-541. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02131.x
Summary: In this work the authors investigated mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of alcohol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). One method used was 33-ng injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the A2/C2/C3 and A1/C1 regions. The data generated show that catecholamines, especially in the brainstem, regulate the HPA response to alcohol. This regulation utilizes α1-adrenergic receptors. Administration of anti-DBH-SAP to the A1-A2/C1-C3 regions disrupted the catecholaminergic input to the paraventricular nucleus.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Histaminergic regulation of seasonal metabolic rhythms in Siberian hamsters.
I’anson H, Jethwa PH, Warner A, Ebling FJ (2011) Histaminergic regulation of seasonal metabolic rhythms in Siberian hamsters. Physiol Behav 103(3-4):268-278. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.02.035
Summary: The role of central histaminergic mechanisms on seasonal catabolic state was investigated in hamsters. Siberian hamsters received bilateral 3.8-ng injections of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the tuberomammillary posterior hypothalamic region. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. During long days, lesioned animals displayed higher locomotor activity, greater oxygen intake, and no net weight gain. During shorter days (hibernation) with less activity, lesioned animals did not lose weight. The data indicate that histaminergic neurons are involved in body weight regulation.
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Contribution of afferent pathways to nerve injury-induced spontaneous pain and evoked hypersensitivity.
King T, Qu C, Okun A, Mercado R, Ren J, Brion T, Lai J, Porreca F (2011) Contribution of afferent pathways to nerve injury-induced spontaneous pain and evoked hypersensitivity. Pain 152(9):1997-2005. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.04.020
Summary: Whether exaggerated pain response to a normally innocuous tactile stimulus should be defined as allodynia has been debated. Through the use of several techniques, one of which was intrathecal injection of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11, 16.5 pg), the authors examined which pathways were utilized in this type of pain. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The data indicate that tactile stimulation may reflect a different pain state than allodynia.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Ventilatory effects of substance P-saporin lesions in the nucleus tractus solitarii of chronically hypoxic rats.
Wilkinson KA, Fu Z, Powell FL (2011) Ventilatory effects of substance P-saporin lesions in the nucleus tractus solitarii of chronically hypoxic rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301(2):R343-R350. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00375.2010
Summary: Interaction of the multiple brainstem areas that have been established as CO2-sensitive is not well understood. In order to investigate chemoreceptor roles in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) the authors injected 2.6 ng of SP-SAP (alternative: SSP-SAP; Cat. #IT-11) into the caudal NTS of rats. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The results indicate that neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing cells in the NTS contribute to plasticity during chronic hypoxia.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Anti-amnesic and neuroprotective actions of the sigma-1 receptor agonist (-)-MR22 in rats with selective cholinergic lesion and amyloid infusion.
Antonini V, Marrazzo A, Kleiner G, Coradazzi M, Ronsisvalle S, Prezzavento O, Ronsisvalle G, Leanza G (2011) Anti-amnesic and neuroprotective actions of the sigma-1 receptor agonist (-)-MR22 in rats with selective cholinergic lesion and amyloid infusion. J Alzheimers Dis 24(3):569-586. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2011-101794 PMID: 21297260
Summary: Sigma-1 receptor agonists such as (-)-MR22 are potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cognitive and affective disorders. To model a cognitive disorder, rats received 81-ng bilateral injections of 192- IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, and 130-ng bilateral injections into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Lesioned animals also were treated with pre- aggregated amyloid peptide. Pretreatment with (-)-MR22 reversed cognitive impairments in the double-lesioned animals, indicating the potential use of sigma-1 receptor agonists as protective agents.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Activation of immobility-related hippocampal theta by cholinergic septohippocampal neurons during vestibular stimulation.
Tai SK, Ma J, Ossenkopp KP, Leung LS (2012) Activation of immobility-related hippocampal theta by cholinergic septohippocampal neurons during vestibular stimulation. Hippocampus 22(4):914-925 . doi: 10.1002/hipo.20955
Summary: The vestibular system is highly involved with spatial navigation and memory. It is thought that modulation of hippocampal function by the vestibular system is mediated by a hippocampal theta rhythm. Rats received 140 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) infused into the medial septum, followed by measurement of hippocampal EEG’s and evoked potentials. Theta was attenuated in rats receiving the lesion, as well as other changes that suggest the importance of septohippocampal cholinergic activity in sensorimotor processing and spatial memory.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
A therapeutic chemical chaperone inhibits cholera intoxication and unfolding/translocation of the cholera toxin A1 subunit
Taylor M, Banerjee T, Navarro-Garcia F, Huerta J, Massey S, Burlingame M, Pande AH, Tatulian SA, Teter K (2011) A therapeutic chemical chaperone inhibits cholera intoxication and unfolding/translocation of the cholera toxin A1 subunit. PLoS One 6(4):e18825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018825 PMID: 21526142
Related Products: Cholera Toxin subunit A Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-43)
Basigin-2 (EMMPRIN), a prognostic marker, is a dynamic portal of entry into cancer cells
Ancheta LR, Lappi DA (2011) Basigin-2 (EMMPRIN), a prognostic marker, is a dynamic portal of entry into cancer cells. Cancer Res 71(8):5218. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL. doi: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5218
Related Products: Anti-Basigin2-SAP (Cat. #IT-54)