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Revisiting the sigma-1 receptor as a biological target to treat affective and cognitive disorders
Sałaciak K, Pytka K (2022) Revisiting the sigma-1 receptor as a biological target to treat affective and cognitive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 132:1114-1136. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.037
Objective: This review focuses on the sigma-1 receptor as a target for treatment of depression and cognitive disorders.
Summary: Sigma-1 receptor ligands, and predominantly agonists, might be the next generation of psychotherapeutic agents.
Usage: 192-IgG-SAP is listed as a neurotoxin that induced a memory impairment in rats based on the Morris water maze.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
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A neuropeptide code for itch
Chen ZF (2021) A neuropeptide code for itch. Nat Rev Neurosci 22(12):758-776. doi: 10.1038/s41583-021-00526-9
Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40)
Role of microglia and astrocytes in spinal cord injury induced neuropathic pain
Miranpuri GS, Bali P, Nguyen J, Kim JJ, Modgil S, Mehra P, Buttar S, Brown G, Yutuc N, Singh H, Wood A, Singh J, Anand A (2021) Role of microglia and astrocytes in spinal cord injury induced neuropathic pain. Ann Neurosci 28(3-4):219-228. doi: 10.1177/09727531211046367
Summary: Given the severity and incapacitating effects of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain (SCINP), it is imperative to study the pathways involved and find new therapeutic targets in coordination with stem cell research, and to develop a new gold-standard in SCINP treatment. Chronic inflammation by microglia, when targeted with Mac-1-SAP, helps in pain reversal.
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)
Evaluation of the activity of choline acetyltransferase from different synaptosomal fractions at the distinct stages of spatial learning in the morris water maze
Storozheva ZI, Zakharova EI, Proshin AT (2021) Evaluation of the activity of choline acetyltransferase from different synaptosomal fractions at the distinct stages of spatial learning in the morris water maze. Front Behav Neurosci 15:755373. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.755373
Objective: To examine the role of hippocampal and cortical ACh in the acquisition, consolidation, storage, retention and adaptive flexibility of new, recent and remote memory traces in spatial learning models.
Summary: The application of functional ablation or stimulation techniques is necessary. The approach used can be regarded as one of the possible ways of delineating temporal stages of spatial learning and could be applied in the studies of other signalling pathways.
Usage: Selective loss of septohippocampal and/or corticopetal cholinergic projections has been shown to cause attention deficit.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
See Also:
- McGaughy J et al. Behavioral vigilance following infusions of 192 IgG-saporin into the basal forebrain: selectivity of the behavioral impairment and relation to cortical AChE-positive fiber density. Behav Neurosci 110:247-265, 1996.
- Lehmann O et al. A double dissociation between serial reaction time and radial maze performance in rats subjected to 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis and/or the septal region. Eur J Neurosci 18(3):651-666, 2003.
Heart failure impairs mood and memory in male rats and down-regulates the expression of numerous genes important for synaptic plasticity in related brain regions
Parent MB, Ferreira-Neto HC, Kruemmel AR, Althammer F, Patel AA, Keo S, Whitley KE, Cox DN, Stern JE (2021) Heart failure impairs mood and memory in male rats and down-regulates the expression of numerous genes important for synaptic plasticity in related brain regions. Behav Brain Res 414:113452. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113452
Objective: To assess the effects of heart failure (HF) on genetic markers of synaptic plasticity in brain areas critical for memory and mood, and to assess the effects of severely reduced ejection fraction (≤40 %) on cognition regulation.
Summary: Collectively, the present findings provide support for the growing consensus that HF is not only a neurohumoral cardiovascular problem but is also a disorder of mood and memory.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
See Also:
- Dobryakova YV et al. Intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin alters expression of microglia-associated genes in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 10:429, 2018.
- Dobryakova YV et al. Cholinergic deficit induced by central administration of 192IgG-Saporin is associated with activation of microglia and cell loss in the dorsal hippocampus of rats. Front Neurosci 13:146, 2019.
Chemogenetic inhibition of prefrontal projection neurons constrains top-down control of attention in young but not aged rats
Duggan MR, Joshi S, Strupp J, Parikh V (2021) Chemogenetic inhibition of prefrontal projection neurons constrains top-down control of attention in young but not aged rats. Brain Struct Funct 226(7):2357-2373. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02336-2
Objective: To test the hypothesis that reduced PFC output would exert differential effects on attentional capacities in young and aged rats, with the latter exhibiting a more robust decline in performance.
Summary: There is a reduced efficiency of PFC-mediated top–down control of attention and cholinergic system in aging, and that activity of PFC output neurons does not reflect compensation in aged rats, at least in the attention domain.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
See Also:
- Dalley JW et al. Cortical cholinergic function and deficits in visual attentional performance in rats following 192 IgG-Saporin-induced lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 14(8):922-932, 2004.
- Newman LA et al. Cholinergic deafferentation of prefrontal cortex increases sensitivity to cross-modal distractors during a sustained attention task. J Neurosci 28:2642-2650, 2008.
- Maddux JM et al. Dissociation of attention in learning and action: effects of lesions of the amygdala central nucleus, medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Behav Neurosci 121(1):63-79, 2007.
Neural circuitry underlying REM sleep: A review of the literature and current concepts
Wang YQ, Liu WY, Li L, Qu WM, Huang ZL (2021) Neural circuitry underlying REM sleep: A review of the literature and current concepts. Prog Neurobiol 204:102106. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102106
Summary: To investigate the role of the LC in sleep the authors injected 0.3 µl of 192-Saporin (Cat. IT-01) or anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) at 1 µg/µl. They also used 0.3 µl of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) at either 90 ng/µl or 60 ng/µl in a separate group of animals. The results indicate that orexin innervation to the pons plays a role in arousal from sleep.
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
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Olfaction, cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration, and cognition in early Parkinson disease
Barrett MJ, Murphy JM, Zhang J, Blair JC, Flanigan JL, Nawaz H, Dalrymple WA, Sperling SA, Patrie J, Druzgal TJ (2021) Olfaction, cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration, and cognition in early Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 90:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.07.024
Summary: This study examined the relationship between olfaction, longitudinal change in cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei and their target regions, and cognition in early Parkinson’s Disease.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Pain and depression comorbidity causes asymmetric plasticity in the locus coeruleus neurons
Llorca-Torralba M, Camarena-Delgado C, Suárez-Pereira I, Bravo L, Mariscal P, Garcia-Partida JA, López-Martín C, Wei H, Pertovaara A, Mico JA, Berrocoso E (2022) Pain and depression comorbidity causes asymmetric plasticity in the locus coeruleus neurons. Brain 145(1):154-167. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab239
Summary: There is strong comorbidity between chronic pain and depression. This study explores how this comorbidity occurs. The authors refer to published research that shows icv administration of anti-DBH-SAP or intra-LC administration of lidocaine dampened the evoked pain in conditions of long-term nerve-injury. However, icv injection of anti-DBH-SAP disrupts all noradrenergic nuclei (A1-A7), some of which contribute to sensorial hypersensitivity.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
See Also:
- Brightwell JJ et al. Noradrenergic Neurons in the Locus Coeruleus Contribute to Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 160:174-185, 2009.
- Marques-Lopes J et al. The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A(5) noradrenergic cell group. Brain Res 1325:41-52, 2010.
Effects of propofol on sleep architecture and sleep-wake systems in rats
Yue XF, Wang AZ, Hou YP, Fan K (2021) Effects of propofol on sleep architecture and sleep-wake systems in rats. Behav Brain Res 411:113380. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113380
Objective: To characterize the effects of propofol on the profile of sleep–wake states and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral density in rats following intraperitoneal injection.
Summary: The high dose of propofol produced high-quality sleep by increasing SWS2, whereas the medium dose produced fragmented and low-quality sleep by disrupting the continuity of wakefulness.
Usage: Bilateral injection of Orexin-SAP (92 and 184 ng/ml, 0.25 ml in the ventral tegmental area and 0.5 ml in the substantia nigra) of rats induced insomnia, as well as hyperactivity and stereotypic movements
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
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