References

Kennedy AD, Solga MD, Schuman TA, Chi AW, Lindorfer MA, Sutherland WM, Foley PL, Taylor RP (2003) An anti-C3b(i) mAb enhances complement activation, C3b(i) deposition, and killing of CD20+ cells by rituximab. Blood 101(3):1071-1079. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0876 PMID: 12393727

Related Products: Antibody to Complement C3 (3E7) (Cat. #AB-V82)

Birthelmer A, Ehret A, Amtage F, Förster S, Lehmann O, Jeltsch H, Cassel JC, Jackisch R (2003) Neurotransmitter release and its presynaptic modulation in the rat hippocampus after selective damage to cholinergic or/and serotonergic afferents. Brain Res Bull 59(5):371-381. doi: 10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00930-9

Summary: Previous studies have investigated some of the modulatory mechanisms present in the denervated hippocampus. These studies have used nonselective denervation models, therefore it is difficult to assign results to the lesion of any specific system. This study examined the interaction of lesions caused by 192 Saporin (Cat. #IT-01, 0.4 µg injected into the medial septum/diagonal band of broca) and 5,7-DHT. The authors were able to establish controlled and selective damage to more than one transmitter system, allowing examination of the interaction between multiple-lesioned systems.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Gerashchenko K, Blanco-Centurion C, Greco MA, Shiromani PJ (2003) Effects of lateral hypothalamic lesion with the neurotoxin hypocretin-2-saporin on sleep in Long-Evans rats. Neuroscience 116:223-235. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00575-4

Summary: Recent data has linked narcolepsy to the loss of neurons containing the neuropeptide hypocretin, also known as orexin. The authors wished to investigate whether the variance in severity of narcolepsy could be explained by the extent of loss of these neurons. After injection of 90 or 490 ng of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the lateral hypothalamus, the measurement of several parameters demonstrated the severity of narcolepsy may be linked to the degree of loss of neurons expressing the orexin receptor.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Truitt W (2003) Featured Article: Deep lumbar neurons control ejaculation. Targeting Trends 4(1)

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Truitt WA et al. Lesions Of Spinothalamic Neurons In Lumbar Spinal Cord Disrupt Ejaculatory Reflexes In Male Rats. Neuroscience 2002 Abstracts 69.2, 2002. Society for Neuroscience, Orlando, FL

Fraley GS, Ritter S (2003) Immunolesion of norepinephrine and epinephrine afferents to medial hypothalamus alters basal and 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced neuropeptide Y and agouti gene-related protein messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the arcuate nucleus. Endocrinology 144(1):75-83. doi: 10.1210/en.2002-220659

Summary: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) are important peptides in the control of food intake. Prior studies have shown that mRNAs for both these peptides are increased in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) by glucoprivation. Using bilateral 42 ng intracranial injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) in rats, the authors investigated the role of hindbrain catecholamine afferents in this increased ARC NPY and AGRP gene expression. The results indicate that these afferents contribute to basal NPY and AGRP gene expression as well as mediate the responsiveness of NPY and AGRP neurons to glucose deprivation.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Stornetta RL, Rosin DL, Wang H, Sevigny CP, Weston MC, Guyenet PG (2003) A group of glutaminergic interneurons expressing high levels of both neurokinin-1 receptors and somatostatin identifies the region of the pre-Bötzinger complex. J Comp Neurol 455(4):499-512. doi: 10.1002/cne.10504

Summary: Study of the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) has been hindered by the lack of a specific marker. Using SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11, three 0.313-ng unilateral injections in the rostral part of the ventral respiratory group) coupled with in situ hybridization and the labeling of selected markers, the authors examined whether somatostatin (SST) might be a marker for this region. The data suggest that a subgroup of cells containing high levels of SST and neurokinin-1 receptor immunoreactivity may identify the pre-BötC.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Berntson GG, Shafi R, Sarter M (2002) Specific contributions of the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic system to electroencephalographic activity and sleep/waking behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 16(12):2453-2461. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02310.x

Summary: There is a large amount of data suggesting the basal forebrain cholinergic system plays an important part in arousal and REM sleep. In this study the authors used 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01, 0.05 µg injected into the basal forebrain of each hemisphere) to lesion the corticopetal projection and examined cortical EEG activity across sleep/wake states. Lesioned animals displayed significantly reduced high frequency EEG activity across all stages of sleeping and wakefulness, indicating that the basal forebrain cholinergic system may exert a general activational effect on the cortical mantle.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Silveira DC, Cha BH, Holmes GL (2002) Effects of lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in newborn rats on susceptibility to seizures. Dev Brain Res 139:277-283. doi: 10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00586-2

Summary: It has previously been shown that adult rats treated with the cholinergic lesioning agent 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) display increased susceptibility to generalized seizures. Here, the authors studied the effects of 200 ng intracerebroventricular injections of 192-Saporin in neonatal rats. Although treated rats did not demonstrate differences in seizure duration or EEG ictal duration, a significantly shorter latency to seizure onset was observed. No significant differences were observed in spatial learning between treated and control rats.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Panda S, Sato TK, Castrucci AM, Rollag MD, DeGrip WJ, Hogenesch JB, Provencio I, Kay SA (2002) Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting. Science 298(5601):2213-2216. doi: 10.1126/science.1076848 PMID: 12481141

Objective: To investigate the role of melanopsin in circadian photoentrainment in mammals.

Summary: The study focused on understanding how melanopsin, an opsin-based photopigment, affects the circadian rhythms in mammals. By generating melanopsin-null mice and observing their response to light-induced circadian phase shifting, the research demonstrated that while these mice maintain some entrainment to light/dark cycles, their phase resetting in response to monochromatic light is severely attenuated. This highlights melanopsin’s critical role in circadian photoentrainment, alongside other mechanisms that contribute to this process.

Usage: Anti-Melanopsin (AB-N38) was incubated with tissue for 24 hr at 4°C at a 1:2,500 dilution in a TBS incubating buffer containing 1% bovine serum albumin, 0.25% carrageenan lambda and 0.003% Triton X-100.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Hartonian I, Mufson EJ, de Lacalle S (2002) Long-term plastic changes in galanin innervation in the rat basal forebrain. Neuroscience 115(3):787-795. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00453-0

Summary: One hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease is the hyperinnervation of surviving cholinergic basal forebrain neurons with galanin-IR fibers. This may exacerbate the cholinergic deficit. The authors injected 192-Saporin (140 nl of 0.075 mg/ml, Cat. #IT-01) into the diagonal band of Broca of rats. An increase in galanin immunoreactivity was observed as early as 1 hour post-injection, and persisted as long as 6 months.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)