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Effects of hippocampal cholinergic deafferentation on learning strategy selection in a visible platform version of the water maze.
Bizon JL, Han JS, Hudon C, Gallagher M (2003) Effects of hippocampal cholinergic deafferentation on learning strategy selection in a visible platform version of the water maze. Hippocampus 13(6):676-684. doi: 10.1002/hipo.10113 PMID: 12962313
Summary: To investigate the effect of depleted acetylcholine (Ach) levels in the hippocampus on learning strategies that are thought to utilize the hippocampus, the authors lesioned the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca in rats with two injections of 75 and 50 ng of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). The unexpected result was that a hippocampal place strategy was promoted in the absence of Ach.
Usage: Rats injected with 192-IgG-SAP at 0.506 ug/ul with total volume of 0.3 ul.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
192 IgG-saporin lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM) disrupt acquisition of learning set formation.
Bailey AM, Rudisill ML, Hoof EJ, Loving ML (2003) 192 IgG-saporin lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM) disrupt acquisition of learning set formation. Brain Res 969(1-2):147-159. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02294-7
Summary: Previous studies by Bailey and others have used quisqualic acid to lesion the nucleus basalis (nBM) in order to understand Alzheimer’s disease. Injections of 75 ng of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) were made into each of four sites in the rat nBM. Behavioral tests showed initial learning set deficits followed by recovery, whereas with quisqualic acid lesions, the deficits were profound. The authors conclude noncholinergic neurons are involved in learning set formation.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Ablation of striatal interneurons influences activities of entopeduncular neurons.
Chiken S, Tokuno H (2003) Ablation of striatal interneurons influences activities of entopeduncular neurons. Neuroreport 14(5):675-678. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200304150-00003
Summary: To investigate the role of the basal ganglia in informational processing of voluntary movement, the authors used SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) to lesion SP receptor-expressing neurons in the striatum. A 0.5 µl injection of 40 ng/µl SP-SAP into the dorsolateral portion of the striatum decreased the spontaneous discharge of entopeduncular neurons. These data indicate that SP receptor-positive striatal interneurons indirectly regulate activity of basal ganglia output neurons.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Effects of septal grafts on acetylcholine release from rat hippocampus after 192 IgG-saporin lesion.
Hilgert M, Hartmann J, Loffelholz K, Jeltsch H, Cassel JC, Klein J (2003) Effects of septal grafts on acetylcholine release from rat hippocampus after 192 IgG-saporin lesion. Neurochem Res 28(3-4):467-472. doi: 10.1023/a:1022852819018
Summary: A model for transplantation efficacy was created using injections of 400 ng each into the vertical limb of the rat diagonal band of Broca and the medial septum for the specific removal of cholinergic neurons. Thirteen months after lesioning, sham-operated animals had measured acetylcholine release at 20% of control. 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01)-lesioned animals were transplanted with fetal septal cells 15 days after lesioning. Thirteen months later, their septal level of acetylcholine release was near normal (71%) of controls. A serotonin uptake inhibitor briefly stimulated acetylcholine release similar to sham control animals.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Featured Article: Biotinylated targeting: A viable option?
Lappi DA (2003) Featured Article: Biotinylated targeting: A viable option?. Targeting Trends 4(2)
Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)
Long-term effects of decreased noradrenergic central nervous system innervation on pain behavior and opioid antinociception.
Jasmin L, Boudah A, Ohara PT (2003) Long-term effects of decreased noradrenergic central nervous system innervation on pain behavior and opioid antinociception. J Comp Neurol 460(1):38-55. doi: 10.1002/cne.10633
Summary: Noradrenaline (NA) is an essential element of the endogenous pain inhibitory system. The authors injected 5 µg of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into either the cerebral ventricles or lumbosacral cistern of rats to investigate whether a permanent reduction of noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord leads to a chronic decreased nociceptive threshold. Although treated animals were less responsive to the antinociceptive effects of morphine, the results suggest that NA makes only a modest contribution to the nociceptive threshold.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Immunotoxin lesion of hypothalamically projecting norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons differentially affects circadian and stressor-stimulated corticosterone secretion.
Ritter S, Watts AG, Dinh TT, Sanchez-Watts G, Pedrow C (2003) Immunotoxin lesion of hypothalamically projecting norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons differentially affects circadian and stressor-stimulated corticosterone secretion. Endocrinology 144(4):1357-1367. doi: 10.1210/en.2002-221076
Summary: Hindbrain norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurons are important in the distribution of internal sensory signals. Injecting 42 ng of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus, the authors were able to specifically destroy NE and E neurons. This study revealed the contribution of NE/E afferents to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activation during stress and confirmed that NE and E neurons are required for specific stress responses.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
The cytotoxic activity of ribosome-inactivating protein saporin-6 is attributed to its rRNA N-glycosidase and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation activities
Bagga S, Seth D, Batra JK (2003) The cytotoxic activity of ribosome-inactivating protein saporin-6 is attributed to its rRNA N-glycosidase and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation activities. J Biol Chem 278(7):4813-4820. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M207389200
Breathing: Rhythmicity, Plasticity, Chemosensitivity.
Feldman JL, Mitchell GS, Nattie EE (2003) Breathing: Rhythmicity, Plasticity, Chemosensitivity. Annu Rev Neurosci 26:239-266. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131103
Summary: Recent research has indicated that specific areas of the brain exert control over several aspects of breathing, such as rhythm generation, reaction to hypoxia, and regulation of carbon dioxide levels and pH. This review covers many of the latest advances, some of which utilize SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) and anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23). The use of these targeted toxins allows altered breathing behavior through elimination of very specific cell populations.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23)
Effects of septal cholinergic lesion on rat exploratory behavior in an open-field.
Lamprea MR, Cardenas FP, Silveira R, Walsh TJ, Morato S (2003) Effects of septal cholinergic lesion on rat exploratory behavior in an open-field. Braz J Med Biol Res 36(2):233-238. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879×2003000200011
Summary: Exploratory behavior triggered by novelty involves the medial septum. The authors lesioned the medial septum in rats with 237.5-ng injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) and examined the behavior of these animals in a model for novelty. The results suggest not only do septohippocampal cholinergic mechanisms contribute to the motivation to explore new environments, they also are related to the acquisition and storage of spatial information.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)