References

Turner LH, Lim CE, Heinrichs SC (2007) Antisocial and seizure susceptibility phenotypes in an animal model of epilepsy are normalized by impairment of brain corticotropin-releasing factor. Epilepsy Behav 10(1):8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.08.013

Summary: There appears to be an inverse relationship between seizure susceptibility and social interaction. This work examines the role that CRF may play in this system. 2.5 µg of CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13) was administered to the lateral ventricle of rats, and the lesioned animals were assessed in terms of social investigation times as well as handling-induced seizures. The results support the involvement of CRF systems in facilitating evoked seizures and suppression of social activity.

Related Products: CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13)

van der Staay FJ, Bouger P, Lehmann O, Lazarus C, Cosquer B, Koenig J, Stump V, Cassel JC (2006) Long-term effects of immunotoxic cholinergic lesions in the septum on acquisition of the cone-field task and noncognitive measures in rats. Hippocampus 16(12):1061-1079. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20229

Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has been used to make extremely specific lesions in the septohippocampal cholinergic system of the brain. The specificity of these lesions is allowing researchers to more accurately map the involvement of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in spatial learning and memory. Here, rats received 0.8 µg of 192-Saporin in the medial septum and the vertical limb of diagonal band of Broca. Lesioned animals only exhibited deficits in attentional learning.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Hawkes C, Kabogo D, Amritraj A, Kar S (2006) Up-regulation of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor and endosomal-lysosomal markers in surviving neurons after 192-IgG-saporin administrations into the adult rat brain. Am J Pathol 169(4):1140-1154. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.051208

Summary: The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) plays a major role in the endosomal-lysosomal (EL) system. One of the tasks carried out by the EL system is clearance of abnormal proteins after injury. By administering 2.0 µg bilateral injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) to rats, the researchers were able to increase CI-MPR expression levels, as well as other EL markers in response to the lesion. The upregulation of EL components suggests that the EL system may be able to repair neuronal abnormalities induced by injury.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Muller HK, Wiborg O, Haase J (2006) Subcellular redistribution of the serotonin transporter by secretory carrier membrane protein 2. J Biol Chem 281(39):28901-28909. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M602848200 PMID: 16870614

Related Products: Antibody to Serotonin Transporter (SERT, Cat. #AB-N09)

Marcos B, Gil-Bea FJ, Hirst WD, Garcia-Alloza M, Ramirez MJ (2006) Lack of localization of 5-HT6 receptors on cholinergic neurons: implication of multiple neurotransmitter systems in 5-HT6 receptor-mediated acetylcholine release. Eur J Neurosci 24(5):1299-1306. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05003.x

Summary: The authors investigated a potential link between 5-HT6 receptors, cholinergic activity, and learning. After 0.067 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into each hemisphere of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in the basal forebrain of rats, 5-HT6 receptor mRNA and protein expression were measured. Results demonstrate the involvement of multiple neurotransmitter systems in neurochemical actions following 5-HT6 receptor blockade.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Castro AR, Pinto M, Lima D, Tavares I (2006) Secondary hyperalgesia in the monoarthritic rat is mediated by GABA(B) and NK1 receptors of spinal dorsal horn neurons: A behavior and c-fos study. Neuroscience 141(4):2087-2095. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.048

Summary: Hallmarks of secondary hyperalgesia in a rat model of monoarthritic pain are: decreased activation of GABA(B) neurons, and increased activation of NK1r neurons. Using 10-µl injections of 1-µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) into T(13)-L(1) the workers looked at the role of each receptor. Pain thresholds increased after treatment with SP-SAP or baclofen, a selective GABA(B) receptor agonist. Fos immunoreactivity was also decreased in treated animals, indicating that both GABA(B) and NK1r are involved in secondary hyperalgesia.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Shekhar A, Johnson PL, Sajdyk TJ, Fitz SD, Keim SR, Kelley PE, Gehlert DR, DiMicco JA (2006) Angiotensin-II is a putative neurotransmitter in lactate-induced panic-like responses in rats with disruption of GABAergic inhibition in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. J Neurosci 26(36):9205-9215. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2491-06.2006 PMID: 16957077

Objective: To determine the exact mechanism for lactate to elicit a panic attack.

Summary: Results implicate A-II pathways and the A-II receptors (AT-1Ra, AT-1Rb) in the hypothalamus as putative substrates for sodium lactate-induced panic-like responses in vulnerable subjects.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:500), Western blot (1:500)

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1AR) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N25AP), Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Collins BE, Blixt O, Han S, Duong B, Li H, Nathan JK, Bovin N, Paulson JC (2006) High-affinity ligand probes of CD22 overcome the threshold set by cis ligands to allow for binding, endocytosis, and killing of B cells. J Immunol 177(5):2994-3003. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.2994

Objective: To demonstrate the dynamic equilibrium that exists between CD22 (Siglec-2) and its cis and trans ligands, using a high-affinity multivalent sialoside probe that competes with cis ligands and binds to CD22 on native human and murine B cells.

Summary: The CD22 (Siglec-2) preferred ligand: sequence Siaa2-6Gal that is abundantly expressed on N-linked glycans of B cell glycoproteins. Conjugation of the sialoside probes to the toxin saporin resulted in toxin uptake and toxin-mediated killing of B lymphoma cell lines, suggesting an alternative approach for targeting CD22 for treatment of B cell lymphomas.

Usage: Cytotoxicity assay: BJAB lymphoma cell killing required both the targeting probe and the Streptavidin-ZAP, as no killing was observed in the absence of either.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Scattoni ML, Adriani W, Calamandrei G, Laviola G, Ricceri L (2006) Long-term effects of neonatal basal forebrain cholinergic lesions on radial maze learning and impulsivity in rats. Behav Pharmacol 17(5-6):517-524. doi: 10.1097/00008877-200609000-00018

Summary: Work in the last decade has focused on clarifying the role of cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. 7 day-old rats received 0.21 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) administered to the third ventricle, and were tested at 5 months of age in delay tolerance and a radial maze. Test results suggest that prolonged basal forebrain cholinergic hypofunction is detectable only when using highly complex tasks.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Rygh LJ, Suzuki R, Rahman W, Wong Y, Vonsy JL, Sandhu H, Webber M, Hunt S, Dickenson AH (2006) Local and descending circuits regulate long-term potentiation and zif268 expression in spinal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 24(3):761-772. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04968.x

Summary: Long-term potentiation (LTP) has been shown to occur in sensory areas of the spinal cord. This modification of synaptic strength may be one of the mechanisms by which acute pain is transformed into chronic pain. 10 µl of 1-µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) or control saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was injected into the subarachnoid space (L4-L5) of rats. Using electrophysiological recording, immunohistochemistry, behavioral assessment, and antisense experiments, the authors demonstrate that dorsal horn neuron generation of LTP may transform acute pain into chronic pain.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)