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Chemogenetic inhibition of prefrontal projection neurons constrains top-down control of attention in young but not aged rats
Duggan MR, Joshi S, Strupp J, Parikh V (2021) Chemogenetic inhibition of prefrontal projection neurons constrains top-down control of attention in young but not aged rats. Brain Struct Funct 226(7):2357-2373. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02336-2
Objective: To test the hypothesis that reduced PFC output would exert differential effects on attentional capacities in young and aged rats, with the latter exhibiting a more robust decline in performance.
Summary: There is a reduced efficiency of PFC-mediated top–down control of attention and cholinergic system in aging, and that activity of PFC output neurons does not reflect compensation in aged rats, at least in the attention domain.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
See Also:
- Dalley JW et al. Cortical cholinergic function and deficits in visual attentional performance in rats following 192 IgG-Saporin-induced lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 14(8):922-932, 2004.
- Newman LA et al. Cholinergic deafferentation of prefrontal cortex increases sensitivity to cross-modal distractors during a sustained attention task. J Neurosci 28:2642-2650, 2008.
- Maddux JM et al. Dissociation of attention in learning and action: effects of lesions of the amygdala central nucleus, medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Behav Neurosci 121(1):63-79, 2007.
Neural circuitry underlying REM sleep: A review of the literature and current concepts
Wang YQ, Liu WY, Li L, Qu WM, Huang ZL (2021) Neural circuitry underlying REM sleep: A review of the literature and current concepts. Prog Neurobiol 204:102106. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102106
Summary: To investigate the role of the LC in sleep the authors injected 0.3 µl of 192-Saporin (Cat. IT-01) or anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) at 1 µg/µl. They also used 0.3 µl of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) at either 90 ng/µl or 60 ng/µl in a separate group of animals. The results indicate that orexin innervation to the pons plays a role in arousal from sleep.
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
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Olfaction, cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration, and cognition in early Parkinson disease
Barrett MJ, Murphy JM, Zhang J, Blair JC, Flanigan JL, Nawaz H, Dalrymple WA, Sperling SA, Patrie J, Druzgal TJ (2021) Olfaction, cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration, and cognition in early Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 90:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.07.024
Summary: This study examined the relationship between olfaction, longitudinal change in cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei and their target regions, and cognition in early Parkinson’s Disease.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Pain and depression comorbidity causes asymmetric plasticity in the locus coeruleus neurons
Llorca-Torralba M, Camarena-Delgado C, Suárez-Pereira I, Bravo L, Mariscal P, Garcia-Partida JA, López-Martín C, Wei H, Pertovaara A, Mico JA, Berrocoso E (2022) Pain and depression comorbidity causes asymmetric plasticity in the locus coeruleus neurons. Brain 145(1):154-167. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab239
Summary: There is strong comorbidity between chronic pain and depression. This study explores how this comorbidity occurs. The authors refer to published research that shows icv administration of anti-DBH-SAP or intra-LC administration of lidocaine dampened the evoked pain in conditions of long-term nerve-injury. However, icv injection of anti-DBH-SAP disrupts all noradrenergic nuclei (A1-A7), some of which contribute to sensorial hypersensitivity.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
See Also:
- Brightwell JJ et al. Noradrenergic Neurons in the Locus Coeruleus Contribute to Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 160:174-185, 2009.
- Marques-Lopes J et al. The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A(5) noradrenergic cell group. Brain Res 1325:41-52, 2010.
Effects of propofol on sleep architecture and sleep-wake systems in rats
Yue XF, Wang AZ, Hou YP, Fan K (2021) Effects of propofol on sleep architecture and sleep-wake systems in rats. Behav Brain Res 411:113380. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113380
Objective: To characterize the effects of propofol on the profile of sleep–wake states and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral density in rats following intraperitoneal injection.
Summary: The high dose of propofol produced high-quality sleep by increasing SWS2, whereas the medium dose produced fragmented and low-quality sleep by disrupting the continuity of wakefulness.
Usage: Bilateral injection of Orexin-SAP (92 and 184 ng/ml, 0.25 ml in the ventral tegmental area and 0.5 ml in the substantia nigra) of rats induced insomnia, as well as hyperactivity and stereotypic movements
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
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Sneezing pathway revealed
Whalley K (2021) Sneezing pathway revealed. Nat Rev Neurosci 22(8):455. doi: 10.1038/s41583-021-00491-3
Related Products: NMB-SAP (Cat. #IT-70)
Injection of anti-proBDNF attenuates hippocampal-dependent learning and memory dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy
Cui YH, Zhou SF, Liu Y, Wang S, Li F, Dai RP, Hu ZL, Li CQ (2021) Injection of anti-proBDNF attenuates hippocampal-dependent learning and memory dysfunction in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 15:665757. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665757 PMID: 34354558
Objective: To study the effects and associated mechanism of hippocampal proBDNF in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) mouse model.
Summary: Mice showed cognitive dysfunction after LPS injection. The expression of proBDNF and its receptor, p75NTR, was increased in the hippocampus. The levels of BDNF and its receptor, TrkB, were decreased. An intrahippocampal or intraperitoneal injection of anti-proBDNF antibody ameliorated LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Usage: Western blot (1:1000)
Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)
The medial septum as a potential target for treating brain disorders associated with oscillopathies
Takeuchi Y, Nagy AJ, Barcsai L, Li Q, Ohsawa M, Mizuseki K, Berényi A (2021) The medial septum as a potential target for treating brain disorders associated with oscillopathies. Front Neural Circuits 15:701080. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.701080
Summary: The medial septum (MS) may be a potential target for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders with abnormal oscillations (oscillopathies) to restore healthy patterns or erase undesired ones. The time-targeted strategy for the MS stimulation may provide an effective way of treating multiple disorders.
Usage: 192-IgG-SAP. The MS cholinergic neurons along with theta oscillations are known to be essential for memory because selective lesion of the cholinergic neurons resulted in spatial memory impairments (150 ng; Easton et al., 2011) (5.04 μg icv; Jeong et al., 2014). Orexin-SAP. The enhanced gamma oscillations and altered PPI and auditory gating created by psychoactive drugs in rats were mediated by GABAergic neurons in the MS because they were abolished by ablation of these neurons by Orexin-SAP (140 ng total bilateral; Ma et al., 2012). mu p75-SAP. Anxious environment-induced type 2 theta oscillation and associated anxiety were shown to be dependent on the MS cholinergic neurons because lesion of MS cholinergic neurons reduced them (0.65 or 1.3 µg, bilateral; Nag et al., 2009).
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
See Also:
- Easton A et al. Medial septal cholinergic neurons are necessary for context-place memory but not episodic-like memory. Hippocampus 21(9):1021-1027, 2011.
- Jeong D et al. Improvements in memory after medial septum stimulation are associated with changes in hippocampal cholinergic activity and neurogenesis. Biomed Res Int 2014:568587, 2014.
- Ma J et al. Septohippocampal GABAergic neurons mediate the altered behaviors induced by n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Hippocampus 22(12):2208-2218, 2012.
- Nag N et al. Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice. Neurosci Lett 452:247-251, 2009.
Can Src protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors be combined with opioid analgesics? Src and opioid-induced tolerance, hyperalgesia and addiction
Li Y, Bao Y, Zheng H, Qin Y, Hua B (2021) Can Src protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors be combined with opioid analgesics? Src and opioid-induced tolerance, hyperalgesia and addiction. Biomed Pharmacother 139:111653. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111653
Summary: In this review the authors discuss the important role Src protein tyrosine kinase plays in the adverse consequences of clinical application of opioids
Usage: Intrathecal injection of Mac-1-SAP depletes microglial cells in the spinal dorsal horn and alleviates the loss of anti-nociception of morphine and prevents the decrease in morphine potency. This demonstrates that spinal microglial cells are necessary for morphine tolerance (15 µg; Leduc-Pessah et al., 2017).
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)
Specific phospholipid modulation by muscarinic signaling in a rat lesion model of Alzheimer’s disease
Llorente-Ovejero A, Martínez-Gardeazabal J, Moreno-Rodríguez M, Lombardero L, González de San Román E, Manuel I, Giralt MT, Rodríguez-Puertas R (2021) Specific phospholipid modulation by muscarinic signaling in a rat lesion model of Alzheimer’s disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 12(12):2167-2181. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00169
Objective: To evaluate the lipid composition and muscarinic signaling in brain areas related to cognitive processes.
Summary: Using a rat model of BFCN lesion, this study evaluated the lipid composition and muscarinic signaling in brain areas related to cognitive processes. Results suggest that the modulation of specific lipid metabolic routes could represent an alternative therapeutic strategy to potentiate cholinergic neurotransmission and preserve cell membrane integrity in AD.
Usage: 192-IgG-SAP was dissolved in aCSF under aseptic conditions to a final concentration of 130 ng/ml. aCSF or 192-IgG-SAP was bilaterally injected (1 ml/hemisphere) at a constant rate of 0.2 ml/min. to selectively eliminate BFCN in the NBM.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
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