References

Aikins AO, Little JT, Rybalchenko N, Cunningham JT (2022) Norepinephrine innervation of the supraoptic nucleus contributes to increased copeptin and dilutional hyponatremia in male rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 323(5):R797-R809. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00086.2022 PMID: 36189988

Objective: Authors hypothesized that the A1/A2 noradrenergic neurons support chronic release of arginine vasopressin in cirrhosis leading to dilutional hyponatremia.

Summary: Dilutional hyponatremia associated with liver cirrhosis is due to inappropriate release of arginine vasopressin (AVP). The A1/A2 neurons stimulate the release of AVP from the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in response to nonosmotic stimuli. Injection of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. # IT-03) resulted in: 1) significantly reduced number of DBH immunoreactive A1/A2 neurons, 2) significantly reduced number of A1/A2 neurons immunoreactive to both DBH and Delta FosB positive neurons, 3) reduced number of SON neurons immunoreactive to both AVP and Delta FosB, 4) preventing the increase in plasma copeptin observed in vehicle-injected common bileduct (BDL) rats, and 5) normalizing plasma osmolality and hematocrit as compared with vehicle injection. The data suggest that A1/A2 neurons contribute to increased plasma copeptin and hypoosmolality in male BDL rats.

Usage: Bilateral injection of Anti-DBH-SAP into the supraoptic nucleus at (50 ng/500 nL)

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Kim S, Shukla RK, Yu H, Baek A, Cressman SG, Golconda S, Lee GE, Choi H, Reneau JC, Wang Z, Huang CA, Liyanage NPM, Kim S (2022) CD3e-immunotoxin spares CD62Llo Tregs and reshapes organ-specific T-cell composition by preferentially depleting CD3ehi T cells. Front Immunol 13:1011190. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011190

Objective: To use a new murine testing model to demonstrate a substantial enrichment of tissue-resident Foxp3+ Tregs following CD3e-IT treatment.

Summary: The multi-organ pharmacodynamics of CD3e-IT and potential treatment resistance mechanisms identified in this study may generate new opportunities to further improve this promising treatment.

Usage: Male C57BL/6J mice were injected into retro-orbital sinus with 15 μg S-CD3e-IT (Biotinylated Anti-CD3 mixed with Streptavidin-ZAP in sterile 200 μl PBS twice a day for four consecutive days.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Brock O, Gelegen CE, Sully P, Salgarella I, Jager P, Menage L, Mehta I, Jęczmień-Łazur J, Djama D, Strother L, Coculla A, Vernon A, Brickley S, Holland P, Cooke S, Delogu A (2022) A role for thalamic projection GABAergic neurons in circadian responses to light. J Neurosci 42(49):9158-9179. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0112-21.2022 PMID: 36280260

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Gudgeon J, Marin-Rubio JL, Trost M (2022) The role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in inflammatory disorders and cancer. Front Immunol 13:1012002. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012002 PMID: 36325338

Objective: Review the role of Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in health and disease, focusing on the molecular mechanisms influencing expression, its effect on disease process, macrophage function and signaling pathways, and the therapeutic potential of targeting MSR1.

Summary: MSR1 is primarily found on the surface of various types of macrophages and affects processes such as astherosclerosis, innate and adaptive immunity, lung and liver disease and cancer. Recently, MSR1 has been implicated to trigger inflammatory and tumorigenic pathways. MSR1 is most often correlated with the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Investigations into anti-inflammatory signalling downstream of MSR1 are vital to fully understand the influence of MSR1 expression in inflammatory disease. Manipulating M2 macrophages through MSR1 may represent a new targeted therapeutic approach for diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases.

Usage: In reviewing therapeutic strategies, an antibody-based method was developed using the 2F8 anti-SR-A monoclonal antibody. The antibody conjugated to RAT-ZAP and unconjugated saporin was delivered to mice via intraperitoneal injection to deplete vascular leukocytes (VLCs) from the peritoneum to reduce the tumor burden. 4.8 μg of Rat-ZAP in the absence or presence of 4 μg of clone 2F8 antibody was incubated on ice for 30 min.

Related Products: Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26)

Campideli-Santana AC, Gusmao DO, Almeida FRCL, Araujo-Lopes R, Szawka RE (2022) Partial loss of arcuate kisspeptin neurons in female rats stimulates luteinizing hormone and decreases prolactin secretion induced by estradiol. J Neuroendocrinol 34(11):e13204. doi: 10.1111/jne.13204 PMID: 36319592

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Bochi APG, Ferreira GDS, Del Bianco V, Pinto PR, Rodrigues LG, Trevisani MDS, Furukawa LNS, Bispo KCS, da Silva AA, Velosa APP, Nakandakare ER, Machado UF, Teodoro WPR, Passarelli M, Catanozi S (2022) Aerobic exercise training reduces atherogenesis induced by low-sodium diet in LDL receptor knockout mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 11(10):2023. doi: 10.3390/antiox11102023 PMID: 36290746

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise training (AET) in the prevention of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and atherogenesis induced by severe low-sodium (LS) diet.

Summary: AET counteracts the deleterious effects of chronic LS diet in atherogenesis by reducing peripheral insulin resistance, lipid infiltration, carboxymethyllysine, receptor for advanced glycation end products, 4-HNE, and AT1 receptor in the intima-media of the brachiocephalic trunk in LDL receptor knockout mice.

Usage: IF staining (1:50)

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Silva AR (2022) Uncovering central and peripheral pain mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease. King’s College London Thesis.

Objective: To investigate alterations within the nociceptive pathways, under neuropathic pain conditions.

Summary: The data suggest a disrupted opioidergic tone in TASTPM mice, which followed by peripheral nerve injury, is mediated by peripheral immune cells.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

See Also:

• Brightwell JJ et al. Noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus contribute to neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 160:174-185, 2009.

Hauf S, Rotrattanadumrong R, Yokobayashi Y (2022) Analysis of the sequence preference of saporin by deep sequencing. ACS Chem Biol 17(9):2619-2630. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00733 PMID: 35969718

Objective: To study sequence-specific depurination of oligo nucleotides caused by saporin.

Summary: Data shows the sequence preference of saporin for different substrates and show that the GAGA motif is not efficiently targeted by this protein, neither in RNA nor in DNA. Instead, a preference of saporin for certain hairpin DNAs was observed.

Usage: Depurination activity of Saporin on DNA and RNA substrates (500 fmol [17nM] of saporin, while 5 pmol [167nM] of saporin was required for the RNA substrate). Nonspecific DNA:Adenosine Glycosidase Activity (150nM saporin)

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Forte E (2022) Visualization and targeting of the cardiac conduction system. Nat Cardiovasc Res 1:792. doi: 10.1038/s44161-022-00135-4

Objective: To use a fluorescent modified antibody conjugated to Strepavidin-SAP to target Purkinje fiber neuronal cells in the cardiac conduction system.

Summary: A fluorescent antibody to human CNTN2 (hCNTN2-800) was generated, which was biotinylated and conjugated to streptavidin-saporin. The saporin delivered via the modified antibody caused alteration of the cardiac rhythm owing to the targeted death of Cardiac conduction system cells. Using RNA sequencing they determined the antibody internalized through neuroplasstin (Nptn) containg cells.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Yang R, Gao Y, Li H, Huang W, Tu D, Yang M, Liu X, Hong JS, Gao HM (2022) Posttranslational S-nitrosylation modification regulates HMGB1 secretion and promotes its proinflammatory and neurodegenerative effects. Cell Rep 40(11):111330. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111330 PMID: 36103834

Objective: To demonstrate that S-nitrosylation (SNO) is essential and sufficient for inflammation-elicited HMGB1 secretion.

Summary: Results indicate crucial roles for SNO modification in HMGB1 secretion and HMGB1-Mac1 interaction for inflammatory neurodegeneration, identifying a mechanistic basis for Parkinson’s Disease development.

Usage: Confocal double-label immunofluorescence (1:1000)

Related Products: NO-L-Cysteine Mouse Monoclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T125)