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Sox10 functions as an inducer of the direct conversion of keratinocytes into neural crest cells
Motohashi T, Kawamura N, Watanabe N, Kitagawa D, Goshima N, Kunisada T (2020) Sox10 functions as an inducer of the direct conversion of keratinocytes into neural crest cells. Stem Cells Dev 29(23):1510-1519. doi: 10.1089/scd.2020.0106 PMID: 33040687
Objective: To investigate whether Sox10 functions in the direct conversion of other somatic cells into neural crest cells (NCCs).
Summary: Results demonstrate that Sox10 functions as an inducer of direct conversion into NCCs in cooperation with the transcription factors involved in NCC generation.
Usage: Flow cytometry and cell sorting
Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)
Pseudomonas Exotoxin A based toxins targeting epidermal growth factor receptor for the treatment of prostate cancer
Fischer A, Wolf I, Fuchs H, Masilamani AP, Wolf P (2020) Pseudomonas Exotoxin A based toxins targeting epidermal growth factor receptor for the treatment of prostate cancer. Toxins (Basel) 12(12):753. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120753
Summary: Refers to chimeric murine-human mAb cetuximab bound to Streptavidin-ZAP.
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)
Reversal of object recognition memory deficit in perirhinal cortex-lesioned rats and primates and in rodent models of aging and alzheimer’s diseases.
Masmudi-Martín M, Navarro-Lobato I, López-Aranda MF, Browning PGF, Simón A-M, López-Téllez JF, Jiménez-Recuerda I, Martîn-Montañez E, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Frechilla D, Baxter MG, Khan ZU (2020) Reversal of object recognition memory deficit in perirhinal cortex-lesioned rats and primates and in rodent models of aging and alzheimer’s diseases. Neuroscience 448:287-298. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.039
Objective: To determine if Object Recognition Memory (ORM) can be restored.
Summary: Memory-deficient rats were generated by induction of lesions to the perirhinal cortex (PRh) through an injection of OX7-SAP. Expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414) restored ORM in memory-deficient PRh-lesioned rats and nonhuman primates. This treatment was sufficient for full recovery of ORM in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.
Usage: Rats were injected with OX7-SAP (0.9 mg in 1ml) in the PRh of the brain.
Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)
Respiratory pathology in the Optn-/- mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
McCall AL, Dhindsa JS, Pucci LA, Kahn AF, Fusco AF, Biswas DD, Strickland LM, Tseng HC, ElMallah MK (2020) Respiratory pathology in the Optn-/- mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 282:103525. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103525
Summary: Tongue muscle weakness results in dysarthria and dysphagia leading to recurrent aspiration, choking, and aggravation of respiratory disease.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Local riluzole release from a thermosensitive hydrogel rescues injured motoneurons through nerve root stumps in a brachial plexus injury rat model
Fang J, Li L, Zhai H, Qin B, Quan D, Shi E, Zhu M, Yang J, Liu X, Gu L (2020) Local riluzole release from a thermosensitive hydrogel rescues injured motoneurons through nerve root stumps in a brachial plexus injury rat model. Neurochem Res 45(11):2800-2813. doi: 10.1007/s11064-020-03120-0
Summary: The authors refer to a review by Gulino describing two rodent models of motoneuron degeneration were induced by neurotoxics including volkensin and cholera toxin-B saporin, which are able to destroy motoneurons through retrograde transportation.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Characterization of the renin-angiotensin system in aged cavernosal tissue and its role in penile fibrosis.
Bragina ME, Costa-Fraga F, Sturny M, Ebadi B, Ruoccolo RT, Santos RAS, Fraga-Silva RA, Stergiopulos N (2020) Characterization of the renin-angiotensin system in aged cavernosal tissue and its role in penile fibrosis. J Sex Med 17:2129–2140. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.08.008 PMID: 32943375
Objective: To investigate local regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in age-related erectile dysfunction (ED).
Summary: Experimental results highlighted the essential role of the RAS in modulation of cavernosal fibrosis.
Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:800)
Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)
Loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory control after traumatic brain injury in rats: A chronic issue
Irvine KA, Sahbaie P, Ferguson AR, Clark JD (2020) Loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory control after traumatic brain injury in rats: A chronic issue. Exp Neurol 333:113428. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113428
Objective: To confirm hypothesis that dysfunctional descending noradrenergic and serotonergic pain control circuits may contribute to the loss of diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC), a critical endogenous pain control mechanism, weeks to months after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Summary: Results suggest that TBI causes maladaptation of descending nociceptive signaling mechanisms and changes in the function of both adrenergic and serotonergic circuits. Such changes could predispose those with TBI to chronic pain.
Usage: Anti-DBH-SAP (5 μg/5 μl) was injected in the left ventricle. Lesion of the LC resulted in failure of DNIC, an effect that mimics what is observed behaviorally after chronic TBI.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Noradrenaline signaling in the LPBN mediates amylin’s and salmon calcitonin’s hypophagic effect in male rats.
Boccia L, Le Foll C, Lutz TA (2020) Noradrenaline signaling in the LPBN mediates amylin’s and salmon calcitonin’s hypophagic effect in male rats. FASEB J 34(11):15448-15461. doi: 10.1096/fj.202001456RRR
Objective: To assess the phenotype of amylin activated LPBN (lateral parabrachial nucleus) neurons, especially to confirm the CGRPergic phenotype and to uncover the specific role of NA (noradrenaline) signaling from the AP to the LPBN.
Summary: The present study confirmed the central role of the LPBN in propagating amylin’s and sCT’s hypophagic action, and particularly the importance of AP → LPBN NA signaling in the mediation of this process, through the activation of LPBN (CGRP and non-CGRP) neurons.
Usage: The neuronal pathways used to process the physiological response to amylin were investigated using 50-ng injections of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the area postrema (AP) or 25 ng into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (Potes et al., 2010).
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Spinal microglia-neuron interactions in chronic pain.
Ho IHT, Chan MTV, Wu WKK, Liu X (2020) Spinal microglia-neuron interactions in chronic pain. J Leukoc Biol 108:1575-1592. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MR0520-695R
Summary: Spinal microglial activation is initiated shortly and persisted for more than 3 mo after partial sciatic nerve ligation. Intrathecal injection of Mac1-SAP, a saporin-conjugated anti-CD11b antibody to deplete microglia, abolished cold and mechanical allodynia for 2–12 wk after injury,92 supporting the role of activated microglia for chronic pain maintenance.
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)
See Also:
Molecular genetics of kappa opioids in pain and itch sensations
Tseng PY, Hoon MA (2020) Molecular genetics of kappa opioids in pain and itch sensations. Handb Exp Pharmacol . doi: 10.1007/164_2020_397
Summary: The authors review the functions of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous agonists dynorphins in modulating itch and pain. Nppb-SAP ablation of neurons expressing the Natriuretic olypeptide B receptor greatly reduced itch responses evoked by histamine or by intrathecal administration of Nppb, suggesting that these neurons transmit itch signals from Nppb primary afferents.
Related Products: Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69)