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Extensive immunolesions of basal forebrain cholinergic system impair offspring recognition in sheep.
Ferreira G, Meurisse M, Gervais R, Ravel N, Levy F (2001) Extensive immunolesions of basal forebrain cholinergic system impair offspring recognition in sheep. Neuroscience 106(1):103-116. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00265-2
Summary: Through the use of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) the association of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons to learning instrumental tasks has been well established in the rat. The authors wished to examine whether these neurons were also associated with social learning tasks, such as offspring recognition in sheep. Using ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons of sheep were lesioned by intraventricular bilateral injections (150 µg). The results demonstrate that these neurons contribute to visual discrimination learning, and are involved in formation of lamb recognition memory.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)
Ten ERK-related proteins in three distinct classes associate with AP-1 proteins and/or AP-1 DNA
Kumar NV, Bernstein LR (2001) Ten ERK-related proteins in three distinct classes associate with AP-1 proteins and/or AP-1 DNA. J Biol Chem 276(34):32362-32372. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M103677200 PMID: 11431474
Related Products: Antibody to MAP Kinase 1/Erk2 (1B3-B9-E4) (Cat. #AB-V86)
Hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth occurs following 192-IgG-saporin administration.
Harrell LE, Parsons D, Kolasa K (2001) Hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth occurs following 192-IgG-saporin administration. Brain Res 911:158-162. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02626-9
Summary: Electrolytic lesions of the medial septal region in rats cause peripheral sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglia to grow into the cholinergically-denervated areas of the hippocampus. This lesioning method is non-specific and disrupts several other cell types in the area of the lesion. The authors infused 192-Saporin (1 µg/10 µl saline into medial septum; Cat. #IT-01) to eliminate only the cholinergic neurons, leaving other cell types intact. Hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth still occurs when only the cholinergic neurons are eliminated, indicating that this occurrence is in response to the loss of cholinergic projections from the medial septum.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Dissociation between the attentional functions mediated via basal forebrain cholinergic and GABAergic neurons.
Burk JA, Sarter M (2001) Dissociation between the attentional functions mediated via basal forebrain cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. Neuroscience 105(4):899-909. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00233-0
Summary: The specificity and efficacy of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has allowed the extensive investigation of cortical cholinergic inputs in attentional functions. Little is known about the function of non-cholinergic neurons because of the lack of a specific tool to eliminate these projections. The authors injected 192-Saporin (0.1 µg/0.5 µl bilateral infusions) into rats and compared performance to rats treated with ibotenic acid to eliminate GABAergic neurons in attention performance tasks. While the ibotenic acid lesions were not as specific as those produced by 192-Saporin, the data suggest a role for the basal forebrain GABAergic neurons in attentional functions.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Transneuronal tracing from sympathectomized lumbar epaxial muscle in female rats.
Daniels D, Miselis RR, Flanagan-Cato LM (2001) Transneuronal tracing from sympathectomized lumbar epaxial muscle in female rats. J Neurobiol 48(4):278-290. doi: 10.1002/neu.1057
Summary: The authors use pseudorabies virus (PRV) to study central neural networks such as the one controlling the lordosis reflex (increased curvature of the spine). To aid in the separation of the sympathetic nervous system and higher order systems, rats were treated with lumbar injections of anti-DBH-SAP (156 ng to 5 µg; Cat. #IT-03), then labeled with PRV. PRV labeling in the brain was absent in areas associated with vasomotor tone, but persisted in areas implicated in control of the lordosis response.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Selective loss of cholinergic neurons projecting to the olfactory system increases perceptual generalization between similar, but not dissimilar, odorants.
Linster C, Garcia PA, Hasselmo ME, Baxter MG (2001) Selective loss of cholinergic neurons projecting to the olfactory system increases perceptual generalization between similar, but not dissimilar, odorants. Behav Neurosci 115(4):826-833. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.115.4.826
Summary: Selective cholinergic lesioning of the basal forebrain has been linked to attentional and cognitive deficits. 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) was administered to the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (0.3 µl at 0.175 µg/µl in each hemisphere) destroying projections to the olfactory bulb and cortex. The results demonstrate cholinergic lesions affect the perceptual qualities of odors, and may possibly represent a general mechanism for cholinergic effects on information processing.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Normal breathing requires preBotzinger complex neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons.
Gray PA, Janczewski WA, Mellen N, McCrimmon DR, Feldman JL (2001) Normal breathing requires preBotzinger complex neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons. Nat Neurosci 4(9):927-930. doi: 10.1038/nn0901-927
Summary: SP-SAP was effective in eliminating preBötC NK1R neurons in adult rats. Unilateral SP-SAP injection transiently produced sighs (large inspiratory efforts followed by prolonged expiration).
Usage: Injections of 0.1–0.2 pmol of SP-SAP or 0.3 pmol each of unconjugated Saporin and Substance P were made in the pre-BötC.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Selective cholinergic denervation inhibits expression of long-term potentiation in the adult but not infant rat hippocampus.
Motooka Y, Kondoh T, Nomura T, Tamaki N, Tozaki H, Kanno T, Nishizaki T (2001) Selective cholinergic denervation inhibits expression of long-term potentiation in the adult but not infant rat hippocampus. Devel Brain Res 129:119-123. doi: 10.1016/s0165-3806(01)00179-1
Summary: The authors studied the possible role of cholinergic systems in long-term potentiation (LTP), which is one of the most intensively studied models of learning and memory. 192-Saporin (4.2 µg/5 µl, Cat. #IT-01) injections were made in both infant and adult rats and the probability of LTP development was studied in hippocampal slices from animals treated 2 weeks or 2 months before. Cholinergic denervation by 192-Saporin did not affect LTP expression in the infant brain, however, the results strongly suggest that cholinergic systems in the adult brain participate in an LTP pathway.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Inhibition of neuropathic pain by selective ablation of brainstem medullary cells expressing the µ-opioid receptor.
Porreca F, Burgess SE, Gardell LR, Vanderah TW, Malan TP Jr, Ossipov MH, Lappi DA, Lai J (2001) Inhibition of neuropathic pain by selective ablation of brainstem medullary cells expressing the µ-opioid receptor. J Neurosci 21(14):5281-5288. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05281.2001
Summary: The presence of descending projections in the pain pathway raises the possibility that abnormal sustained activity may perpetuate chronic pain. Using 3-ng injections of dermorphin-SAP (Cat #IT-12) on either side of the RVM in rats the authors both prevented and reversed neuropathic pain caused by spinal nerve ligation.
Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)
Featured Article: Dermorphin-SAP kills MOR-positive cells
Lappi DA (2001) Featured Article: Dermorphin-SAP kills MOR-positive cells. Targeting Trends 2(3)
Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)