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Selective antibody-induced cholinergic cell and synapse loss produce sustained hippocampal and cortical hypometabolism with correlated cognitive deficits.
Browne SE, Lin L, Mattsson A, Georgievska B, Isacson O (2001) Selective antibody-induced cholinergic cell and synapse loss produce sustained hippocampal and cortical hypometabolism with correlated cognitive deficits. Exp Neurol 170:36-47. doi: 10.1006/exnr.2001.7700
Summary: The authors used 192-Saporin (two 2.5-µg bilateral injections of 1 µg/µl; Cat. #IT-01) to eliminate cholinergic neurons in the rat, then measured cerebral rates of glucose utilization. The findings show sustained reduction in glucose utilization in the brain regions showing loss of cholinergic neurons, specifically the frontal cortical and hippocampal regions. These same animals demonstrated impaired performance in a Morris water maze. The results reinforce the theory that cholinergic systems influence metabolism and cognition in the cortex and hippocampus.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Focal inhibitory interneuron loss and principal cell hyperexcitability in the rat hippocampus after microinjection of a neurotoxic conjugate of saporin and a peptidase-resistant analog of substance P.
Martin JL, Sloviter RS (2001) Focal inhibitory interneuron loss and principal cell hyperexcitability in the rat hippocampus after microinjection of a neurotoxic conjugate of saporin and a peptidase-resistant analog of substance P. J Comp Neurol 436:127-152. doi: 10.1002/cne.1065
Usage: The authors used SSP-SAP (0.4 ng/10 nl; Cat. #IT-11).
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)
Immunohistochemical localization of AT-1A and AT-1B angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the rat adrenal
Speth RC, Grove KL, Brownfield MS (2001) Immunohistochemical localization of AT-1A and AT-1B angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the rat adrenal. Endocrine Society ENDO 2001 – 83rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Denver, Colorado. PMID: 909090
Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1AR) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N25AP)
The lac operator-repressor system is functional in the mouse
Cronin CA, Gluba W, Scrable H (2001) The lac operator-repressor system is functional in the mouse. Genes Dev 15(12):1506-1517. doi: 10.1101/gad.892001 PMID: 11410531
Related Products: Antibody to LacI (9A5) (Cat. #AB-V79)
Analysis of fluorescently labeled substance P analogs: binding, imaging and receptor activation.
Bennett VJ, Simmons MA (2001) Analysis of fluorescently labeled substance P analogs: binding, imaging and receptor activation. BMC Chem Biol 1(1):1. doi: 10.1186/1472-6769-1-1 PMID: 11418083
Related Products: 192-IgG Mouse Monoclonal, Alexa488-labeled (Cat. #AB-N43FLA)
Distribution and co-localization of choline acetyltransferase and p75 neurotrophin receptors in the sheep basal forebrain: implications for the use of a specific cholinergic immunotoxin.
Ferreira G, Meurisse M, Tillet Y, Lévy F (2001) Distribution and co-localization of choline acetyltransferase and p75 neurotrophin receptors in the sheep basal forebrain: implications for the use of a specific cholinergic immunotoxin. Neuroscience 104(2):419-439. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00075-6 PMID: 11377845
Summary: ME20.4 is a monoclonal antibody (Cat. #AB-N07) that has been shown to bind the p75 receptor in rabbit, sheep, dog, cat, raccoon, pig, and several primate species. Ferreira et al. investigate ME20.4-SAP (bilateral, 150 µl per ventricle, 50-150 µg total; Cat. #IT-15) use in sheep to assess distribution and localization of p75. The authors demonstrate 80-95% loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and entorhinal cortex.
Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)
Assessment of protein gene product 9.5 as a marker of neural crest-derived precursor cells in the developing enteric nervous system.
Sidebotham EL, Woodward MN, Kenny SE, Lloyd DA, Vaillant CR, Edgar DH (2001) Assessment of protein gene product 9.5 as a marker of neural crest-derived precursor cells in the developing enteric nervous system. Pediatr Surg Int 17:304-307. doi: 10.1007/s003830100599 PMID: 11409167
Related Products: Antibody to NGFR (Cat. #AB-N02)
Sequential upregulation of cell adhesion molecules in degenerating rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and in phagocytotic microglial cells.
Hartlage-Rübsamen M, Schliebs R (2001) Sequential upregulation of cell adhesion molecules in degenerating rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and in phagocytotic microglial cells. Brain Res 897(1-2):20-26. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02093-5
Summary: Neurodegeneration, found in brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, is marked by a significant microglial response. This microglial activation is characterized by increased migratory activity and potential cytotoxic action on injured neurons. The interaction of microglial cells with degenerating axons and neural somata is known to be mediated by expression of cell adhesion molecules. The authors use a single intracerebroventricular injection of 192-Saporin (4 µg; Cat. #IT-01) to initiate neurodegeneration of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons and follow the expression of two cell adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and LFA-1, using immunohisto-chemistry. The results indicate that these adhesion molecules may function as intercellular recognition signals through which degenerating cholinergic neurons actively participate in their own targeting and removal by microglia.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Contribution of the cholinergic basal forebrain to proactive interference from stored odor memories during associative learning in rats.
de Rosa E, Hasselmo ME, Baxter MG (2001) Contribution of the cholinergic basal forebrain to proactive interference from stored odor memories during associative learning in rats. Behav Neurosci 115(2):314-327.
Summary: Proactive interference (PI) is the damaging effect of previously learned information on the acquisition of new, related information. Human patients with basal forebrain (BF) damage due to aneurysms are sensitive to PI. The authors administered 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) to the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (two 0.2-µl injections of 0.175 µg/µl in each hemisphere) in rats and evaluated performance in an olfactory discrimination task. The treated rats had more difficulty acquiring an overlapping odor pair when muscarinic receptors were blocked by scopalomine. These results indicate that cholinergic neurons have a role in the modulation of PI in associative learning.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up
Sarter M, Givens B, Bruno JP (2001) The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 35(2):146-160. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0173(01)00044-3
Summary: The findings from human and animal studies provide the basis for a relatively precise description of the neuronal circuits mediating sustained attention, and the dissociation between these circuits and those mediating the ‘arousal’ components of attention.
Usage: The absence of attentional effects of infusions of 192-IgG-SAP into the primary and secondary visual cortex supports the notion that performance in such a task cannot be attributed solely to the ACh-mediated enhancement of the primary processing of sensory stimuli serving as targets in this task.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
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