References

Ye Y, Dang D, Viet CT, Dolan JC, Schmidt BL (2012) Analgesia targeting IB4-positive neurons in cancer-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. J Pain 13(6):524-531. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.01.006

Summary: DOR (δ opioid receptor) agonists produce minimal side effects and do not lead to tolerance, making them potential alternatives to the widely used μ opioid receptor agonists. Utilizing the fact that DOR’s are expressed by IB4-positive neurons, the authors injected the subarachnoid space between the L4 and L5 vertebrae of rats with 2.4 μg of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10). 3 μg of saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. The results indicate that pharmacological agents targeting IB4-positive neurons may have use in cancer pain treatment.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Kruger HS, Hanganu-Opatz IL (2013) Neonatal cholinergic lesion alters the acoustic structure of infant rat vocalization but not the early cognitive development. Dev Psychobiol 55(3):294-308. doi: 10.1002/dev.21029

Summary: The architecture of the cerebral cortex is dependent on cholinergic innervations for proper maturation and network assembly. The authors administered 0.1 μg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) to each lateral ventricle of rats on the day of birth. Although the resulting cholinergic depletion did not affect the general development of the rats during the first two weeks of life, infant ultrasonic vocalization was significantly affected. The altered vocalization did not affect maternal care of the pup, suggesting that previous results recording behavioral deficits in the pups after basal forebrain lesions were due to cholinergic depletion rather than altered mother-pup interaction.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Sanchez-Ortiz E, Yui D, Song D, Li Y, Rubenstein JL, Reichardt LF, Parada LF (2012) TrkA gene ablation in basal forebrain results in dysfunction of the cholinergic circuitry. J Neurosci 32(12):4065-4079. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6314-11.2012 PMID: 22442072

Summary: The authors created a conditional trkA knockout mouse line. Anti-trkA (Cat. #AB-N03) was used for immunohistochemistry (1:1000) and western blots (1:4000). The data demonstrate the importance of trkA in the establishment of basal forebrain cholinergic circuitry, and choline acetyltransferase expression.

Related Products: trkA Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N03)

Lin LH, Nitschke Dragon D, Talman WT (2012) Collateral damage and compensatory changes after injection of a toxin targeting neurons with the neurokinin-1 receptor in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rat. J Chem Neuroanat 43(2):141-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.02.001

Summary: Loss of substance P receptor (SPR)-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) results in reduced baroreflex strength and unstable arterial pressure. The neuronal population expressing the SPR also expresses several other types of receptors – such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and aalpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic (AMPA) receptors. The authors administered 9 ng of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) into the NTS and looked for differences in the expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors, as well as several different transporters and neuronal markers. he data suggest that the pathological effects of SSP-SAP lesions result from disruption of other neurotransmission systems than those using the SPR.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Lowrance S, Matchynski J, Rossignol J, Dekorver N, Sandstrom M, Dunbar G (2012) CXB-909 attenuates cognitive deficits in the mu-p-75 saporin mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience & Medicine 3(1):65-68. doi: 10.4236/nm.2012.31010

Summary: CXB-909 is a small molecule NGF amplifier that has been shown to enhance neurite outgrowth in various neuronal cell lines. This type of molecule has potential therapeutic use in disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this work the authors lesioned cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain of mice with bilateral 0.8 μg intracerebroventricular injections of mup75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16). Lesioned animals performed significantly worse than controls in a water maze task. Lesioned animals subsequently treated with CXB-909 displayed improved performance, indicating that CXB-909 can attenuate memory deficits caused by loss of cholinergic input.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Hawryluk JM, Ferrari LL, Keating SA, Arrigoni E (2012) Adenosine inhibits glutamatergic input to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. J Neurophysiol 107(10):2769-2781. doi: 10.1152/jn.00528.2011 PMID: 22357797

Summary: Using patch-clamp recordings from mouse brain slices the authors demonstrate that adenosine not only directly inhibits cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, it also reduces excitatory inputs to these neurons as well. Cy3-anti-mu p75 (Cat. #FL-05, 40-60 ng) was injected into the lateral cerebroventricle.

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified Cy3-labeled (Cat. #AB-N01APFL3)

Kanju PM, Parameshwaran K, Sims-Robinson C, Uthayathas S, Josephson EM, Rajakumar N, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V (2012) Selective cholinergic depletion in medial septum leads to impaired long term potentiation and glutamatergic synaptic currents in the hippocampus. PLoS One 7(2):e31073. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031073

Summary: Long term potentiation (LTP) is dependent on excitatory neurotransmission in the hippocampus, which plays a major role in learning and memory. The authors examine whether cholinergic lesions in the medial septum result in LTP alteration or affect synaptic glutamate receptor subtypes. After bilateral administration of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01, 50 ng per injection) into the medial septum of rats, hippocampal slices were made and the LTP of the slices was measured. The data show modulation of medial septal LTP and hippocampal glutaminergic currents by cholinergic afferents.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Han N, Zu JY, Chai J (2012) Spinal bombesin-recognized neurones mediate more nonhistaminergic than histaminergic sensation of itch in mice. Clin Exp Dermatol 37(3):290-295. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04314.x

Summary: The authors administered 400 ng of Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40) to the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space of rats and evaluated the distribution of Fos-positive cells in the dorsal horn after stimulation. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. The results demonstrate that the neurons eliminated by Bombesin-SAP are critical to both acute and chronic itch pathways, although they have more effect on nonhistaminergic sensation.

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Rothenberg ME, Nusse Y, Kalisky T, Lee JJ, Dalerba P, Scheeren F, Lobo N, Kulkarni S, Sim S, Qian D, Beachy PA, Pasricha PJ, Quake SR, Clarke MF (2012) Identification of a cKit(+) colonic crypt base secretory cell that supports Lgr5(+) stem cells in mice. Gastroenterology 142:1195-1205.e1196. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.02.006

Objective: To investigate the existence of colonic Paneth-like cells that have a distinct transcriptional signature and support Lgr5 stem cells.

Summary: cKit marks small intestinal Paneth cells and a subset of colonic goblet cells that are regulated by Notch signaling and support Lgr5+ stem cells.

Usage: For saporin experiments, small intestinal organoids with crypt buds and visible Paneth cells were passaged as single cells. Before embedding in Matrigel, dissociated cells were incubated with Anti-cKit-SAP (biotinylated-2B8 mixed with Streptavidin-ZAP). Treatment led to a marked decrease in organoid formation.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Selbo PK, Weyergang A, Eng MS, Bostad M, Maelandsmo GM, Hogset A, Berg K (2012) Strongly amphiphilic photosensitizers are not substrates of the cancer stem cell marker ABCG2 and provides specific and efficient light-triggered drug delivery of an EGFR-targeted cytotoxic drug. J Control Release 159(2):197-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.003

Summary: Many anti-cancer drugs are substrates of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2. Unfortunately ABCG2 is also thought to play an important role in multi-drug resistance and the protection of cancer stem cells against chemotherapeutics and photodynamic therapy. This paper examined whether photosensitizers used in photochemical internalization (PCI) are substrates for ABCG2. Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) was combined with biotinylated EGF and applied to cells in culture; saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. The data show that PCI with the EGF-saporin toxin did not utilize ABCG2 to enter cells.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)