References

Estevez ME, Fogerson PM, Ilardi MC, Borghuis BG, Chan E, Weng S, Auferkorte ON, Demb JB, Berson DM (2012) Form and function of the M4 cell, an intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell type contributing to geniculocortical vision. J Neurosci 32(39):13608-13620. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1422-12.2012 PMID: 23015450

Summary: Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are cells that contain the photopigment melanopsin. In this work the authors extensively characterize the M4 ipRGCs. A melanopsin antibody (Cat. #AB-N38) at a 1:10,000 dilution was used to determine the presence of melanopsin by immunohistochemistry.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Zant JC, Rozov S, Wigren HK, Panula P, Porkka-Heiskanen T (2012) Histamine release in the basal forebrain mediates cortical activation through cholinergic neurons. J Neurosci 32(38):13244-13254. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5933-11.2012

Summary: The basal forebrain modulates many functions, among them the regulation of wakefulness and cortical arousal. Previous data has linked increases in histaminergic transmission to increases in wakefulness. In order to further investigate various facets of this system, the authors injected 230 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the horizontal diagonal band of Broca/substantia innominata/magnocellular preoptic area of rats. While control animals displayed several changes on administration of exogenous histamine, the lesioned animals had none of these changes.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Berstad MB, Weyergang A, Berg K (2012) Photochemical internalization (PCI) of HER2-targeted toxins: Synergy is dependent on the treatment sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta 1820(12):1849-1858. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.027

Summary: A majority of patients develop acquired resistance to trastuzumab, the monoclonal antibody recognizing HER2, coupled to a toxin as a breast cancer therapeutic. One of the modes of resistance is that the therapeutic molecule is trapped inside an endocytic vesicle. PCI is a technique that facilitates cytosolic release of molecules in vesicles. The authors investigated the potency of biotinylated trastuzumab combined with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) on several cell lines.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Paolone G, Lee TM, Sarter M (2012) Time to pay attention: attentional performance time-stamped prefrontal cholinergic activation, diurnality, and performance. J Neurosci 32(35):12115-12128. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2271-12.2012

Summary: This work examined the role that neuronal mechanisms have in cognitive performance on a fixed-time task. The authors performed bilateral 160 ng infusions of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the nucleus basalis and substantia innominata of the basal forebrain of rats that had reached stable performance on a sustained attention task. In control animals trained in the same task, prefrontal cholinergic neurotransmission persisted at the fixed time even after the task was terminated. Both lesioning and altering the task training time impaired task performance.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Kirillova V, Prosviryakov E (2012) Disrupted serotonergic system in patients with pulmonary hypertension may serve as novel biomarkers new therapeutic targets and to assess severity, progression and response to treatment. Cardiovasc Res 93 Suppl 1:P209. European Society of Cardiology, Munich Germany. PMID: 909090

Summary: At the Frontiers in Cardiovascular Biology meeting in London the authors presented work examining the role serotonin and serotonin transporters play in pulmonary hypertension. Anti-SERT (Cat. #AB-N09, 1:500) was used in immunohistochemistry to detect the serotonin transporter in the myocardium.  The data demonstrate that serotonin levels in the blood and serotonin transporter levels in the myocardium are both increased in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Related Products: Antibody to Serotonin Transporter (SERT, Cat. #AB-N09)

Alvarez P, Chen X, Bogen O, Green PG, Levine JD (2012) IB4(+) nociceptors mediate persistent muscle pain induced by GDNF. J Neurophysiol 108(9):2545-2553. doi: 10.1152/jn.00576.2012

Summary: GDNF is found in skeletal muscle and can trigger mechanical hyperalgesia. The authors administered a 3.2-μg intrathecal dose of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) to rats. Loss of the IB4(+) nociceptors led to decreased hyperalgesic priming as well as a reduction in GDNF-induced hyperalgesia. These data indicate that GDNF plays a role in mediating induction of pain.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Koppen JR, Winter SS, Stuebing SL, Cheatwood JL, Wallace DG (2013) Infusion of GAT1-saporin into the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band disrupts self-movement cue processing and spares mnemonic function. Brain Struct Funct 218(5):1099-1114. doi: 10.1007/s00429-012-0449-7

Summary: Both mnemonic and spatial processing are adversely affected by dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. There is evidence to support the involvement of cholinergic systems in this deficit. In this work the authors examined how GABAergic neurons in the septohippocampus contribute to these cognitive functions. Rats received a total of 350 ng of GAT-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32) infused into the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. Although lesioned animals performed normally in tasks involving spatial cues, food hoarding was affected indicating that self-movement cue processing was interfered with by the loss of these GABAergic neurons.

Related Products: GAT1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32)

Savage S, Mattsson A, Olson L (2012) Cholinergic denervation attenuates phencyclidine-induced c-fos responses in rat cortical neurons. Neuroscience 216:38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.064

Summary: Phenylcyclidine (PCP) has been used to model aspects of schizophrenia in animals. 81 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of rats to assess the effects of low dose PCP in a cholinergically-deprived system. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Results demonstrate basalocortical cholinergic neurons are necessary for PCP to have full effect.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Gil-Bea FJ, Gerenu G, Aisa B, Kirazov LP, Schliebs R, Ramirez MJ (2012) Cholinergic denervation exacerbates amyloid pathology and induces hippocampal atrophy in Tg2576 mice. Neurobiol Dis 48(3):439-446. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.020

Summary: The hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include hippocampal cell loss, cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, among other things. This work sought to examine the interaction between cholinergic denervation, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, and hippocampal integrity. Tg2576 transgenic mice received 2 μg of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) injected into the third ventricle. These mice overexpress a version of human APP. Lesioned animals displayed various aspects of AD such as hippocampal synaptic pathology and neurodegeneration, indicating that immunolesions in this mouse line produce a viable model for AD.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Lemons LL, Wiley RG (2012) Neuropeptide Y receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: role in nocifensive reflex and operant responses to aversive cold after CFA inflammation. Neuroscience 216:158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.006 PMID: 22522467

Objective: To determine the role of dorsal horn Y1R-expressing neurons in pain.

Summary: Lumbar intrathecal NPY-SAP (1) reduced Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced hyper-reflexia on the 10°C cold plate, (2) reduced cold aversion on the thermal preference and escape tasks, (3) was analgesic to noxious heat on the escape task, (4) reduced the CFA-induced allodynia to cold temperatures experienced on the thermal preference, feeding interference, and escape tasks, and (5) did not inhibit or interfere with morphine analgesia.

Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)