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Acetylcholine and spontaneous recognition memory in rodents and primates.
Easton A, Barros M, Lever C (2020) Acetylcholine and spontaneous recognition memory in rodents and primates. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 45:29-45. doi: 10.1007/7854_2020_132
Summary: Review of lesioning designed to specifically target cells that express acetylcholine as a transmitter.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Cholinergic signaling dynamics and cognitive control of attention.
Parikh V, Bangasser DA (2020) Cholinergic signaling dynamics and cognitive control of attention. Shoaib M., Wallace T (Ed.): Behavioral Pharmacology of the Cholinergic System. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. 45:71-87. Springer, Cham doi: 10.1007/7854_2020_133
Summary: A plethora of studies conducted in rodents demonstrated that selective lesions of BF cholinergic neurons and their cortical inputs produced by the immunotoxin 192-IgG-SAP impair performance in various tasks of attention.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Intra-articular injection of 2-pyridylethylamine produces spinal NPY-mediated antinociception in the formalin-induced rat knee-joint pain model
Souza-Silva E, Stein T, Mascarin LZ, Dornelles FN, Bicca MA, Tonussi CR (2020) Intra-articular injection of 2-pyridylethylamine produces spinal NPY-mediated antinociception in the formalin-induced rat knee-joint pain model. Brain Res 1735:146757. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146757 PMID: 32135147
Objective: To investigate the participation of spinal NPY in the antinociceptive effect produced by 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PEA).
Summary: These data support the idea that antinociception induced by H1R agonists in the knee-joint of rats may be mediated by the spinal release of NPY, and this peptide seems to be acting via Y1R.
Usage: IT pretreatment with NPY-SAP (750 ng) reduced immunoblotting for Y1R in spinal cord homogenates.
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)
GABAergic neurons of the medullary raphe regulate active expiration during hypercapnia
Silva JDN, Oliveira LM, Souza FC, Moreira TS, Takakura AC (2020) GABAergic neurons of the medullary raphe regulate active expiration during hypercapnia. J Neurophysiol 123(5):1933-1943. doi: 0.1152/jn.00698.2019 PMID: 32267190
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the medullary raphe, a region known to be involved in breathing, also contributes to expiratory activity under hypercapnic conditions.
Summary: Depletion of serotonergic neurons with Anti-SERT-SAP (IT-23) injections into raphe obscurus (ROb) and magnus (RMg) did not increase the amplitude of abdominal activity during hypercapnia. These results show that the presumably GABAergic neurons within the RMg and ROb may be the inhibitory source to modulate the activity of the parafacial respiratory group during hypercapnia condition.
Usage: Intraparenchymal injections of Anti-SERT-SAP (IT-23) were injected into ROb or RMg at (10 µg/µl).
Related Products: Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23)
Neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences of hyperglycemia in cancer
Vasquez JH, Borniger JC (2020) Neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences of hyperglycemia in cancer. Endocrinology 161(5):bqaa047. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa047 PMID: 32193527
Summary: Ablation of norepinephrine containing projections to the arcuate (via Anti-DBH-SAP injections) alters AgRP and neuropeptide (NPY) concentrations, leading to impairments in hypoglycemic (glucoprivic) or ghrelin-induced feeding.
Usage: Anti-DBH-SAP (bilateral 42-ng intracranial injections) was used in rats to investigate the role of hindbrain catecholamine afferents in increased ARC NPY and AgRP gene expression.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
See Also:
Loss of leptin receptor-expressing cells in the hindbrain decreases forebrain leptin sensitivity.
Harris RBS (2020) Loss of leptin receptor-expressing cells in the hindbrain decreases forebrain leptin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 318(5):E806-E816. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00020.2020
Objective: This study tested whether loss of hindbrain leptin receptor signaling changed sensitivity to forebrain leptin.
Summary: Loss of VMH (ventromedial nucleus of hippocampus) leptin receptor-expressing cells prevents weight loss. The integrated response between the hindbrain and forebrain is heavily dependent upon leptin activity in the VMH.
Usage: To test forebrain leptin sensitivity Leptin-SAP and Blank-SAP rats received third ventricle injections of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 μg leptin.
Related Products: Leptin-SAP (Cat. #IT-47), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
The subcortical belly of sleep: New possibilities in neuromodulation of basal ganglia?
Hasegawa H, Selway R, Gnoni V, Beniczky S, Williams SCR, Kryger M, Ferini-Strambi L, Goadsby P, Leschziner GD, Ashkan K, Rosenzweig I (2020) The subcortical belly of sleep: New possibilities in neuromodulation of basal ganglia?. Sleep Med Rev 52:101317. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101317
Summary: Complete BF lesion with OX-SAP leads to coma-like state and flat EEG, reduced Fos in cerebral cortex (but high Fos in brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus) selective (cholinergic or non-cholinergic) lesion does not have this effect.
Usage: Lesions of the basal forebrain were done by injecting a 0.1% solution of Orexin-SAP at four different sites.
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
Activity-dependent neuroplastic changes in autonomic circuitry modulating cardiovascular control: The essential role of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors signaling
Rocha-Santos C, Braga DC, Ceroni A, Michelini LC (2020) Activity-dependent neuroplastic changes in autonomic circuitry modulating cardiovascular control: The essential role of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors signaling. 11:309. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00309 PMID: 32328002
Objective: To investigate whether baroreceptors’ and chemoreceptors’ signaling are able to drive neuronal plasticity within medullary and supramedullary pathways controlling autonomic outflow.
Summary: The data indicated that afferent inputs conveyed by arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are the main stimuli to drive both inactivity-induced and activity-dependent neuroplasticity within the autonomic circuitry.
Usage: Bilateral microinjections of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat #IT-03) at a dose of 21 ng/100 nL were made into the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in rats.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin alters the state of microglia in the neocortex.
Volobueva MN, Dobryakova YV, Manolova AO, Stepanichev MY, Kvichansky AA, Gulyaeva NV, Markevich VA, Bolshakov AP (2020) Intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin alters the state of microglia in the neocortex. Neurochem J 14(1):37-42. doi: 10.1134/S1819712420010213
Objective: The effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) immunotoxin administration on the state of microglia in tissues adjacent to the ventricle (striatum and parietal cortex) and remotely located but receiving innervation from the medial septal region and diagonal band of Broca (entorhinal cortex and olfactory bulbs).
Summary: 1.5 months after the administration of immunotoxin, microglia are activated only in the neocortical areas, not in the striatum or olfactory bulbs.
Usage: Injected bilaterally at a dose of 4 μg in each ventricle.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration due to obstructive sleep apnoea increases Alzheimer’s pathology in mice.
Qian L, Kasas L, Milne MR, Rawashdeh O, Marks N, Sharma A, Bellingham MC, Coulson EJ (2020) Cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration due to obstructive sleep apnoea increases Alzheimer’s pathology in mice. bioRxiv 2020.03.12.989848. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.12.989848
Usage: bilateral injections of urotensin II-saporin (UII-SAP; 0.07 μg/μL per site – unless stated otherwise; generous gift from Advanced Targeting Systems)
Related Products: Custom Conjugates, Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)