targeted-toxins

Pearson M (2005) Featured Article: IB4-SAP prevents axotomy-induced sprouting of Aß fibers. Targeting Trends 6(1)

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Pearson MS et al. IB4-SAP reduces IB4 staining in the spinal cord and prevents axotomy induced sprouting of Aβ fibers. Neuroscience 2004 Abstracts 858.6, 2004. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA

Yoder RM, Pang KC (2005) Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in hippocampal theta rhythm. Hippocampus 15(3):381-392. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20062

Summary: It is thought that hippocampal theta rhythm (HPCθ) is involved in attention and acquisition of sensory information. The HPCθ circuit includes the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), which projects to the hippocampus through GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. A total of 0.325 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into the MSDB of rats. Hippocampal recordings measuring field potential oscillations were taken, indicating that both GABAergic and cholinergic neurons are involved in HPCθ.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Jeltsch H, Lazarus C, Cosquer B, Galani R, Cassel JC (2004) No facilitation of amphetamine- or cocaine-induced hyperactivity in adult rats after various 192 IgG-saporin lesions in the basal forebrain. Brain Res 1029(2):259-271. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.09.053

Summary: Previous data have indicated that intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) induce a dramatic increase of the locomotor response to amphetamine. The authors of this study examined the locomotor effects of several lesions on the response to amphetamine or cocaine. Rats were injected with 5 µg 192-Saporin icv or 0.4 µg bilaterally into the septal region, or 0.4 µg into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. While the results did not confirm the amphetamine effect, they did suggest that the effect of cocaine can be altered by these lesions.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Tarpley JW, Kohler MG, Martin WJ (2004) The behavioral and neuroanatomical effects of IB(4)-saporin treatment in rat models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Brain Res 1029(1):65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.09.027

Summary: Using the fact that primary afferent neurons bind isolectin B4 (IB4), the authors injected 5 µg of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) into the sciatic nerve in the left thigh. After recovery, these animals were then treated with a L5 spinal nerve ligation. Lesioned animals displayed attenuated NGF-induced hyperalgesia, as well as differences in other pain-model markers. The data indicate that IB4-positive C-fibers play a discrete role in NGF-induced hyperalgesia, as well as in the development of neuropathic pain.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Jonasson Z, Cahill JF, Tobey RE, Baxter MG (2004) Sexually dimorphic effects of hippocampal cholinergic deafferentation in rats. Eur J Neurosci 20(11):3041-3053. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03739.x

Summary: Studies of cholinergic neuron lesions have been performed almost exclusively in male animals. In this work, the authors examined the differences of cholinergic lesions between males and females. Rats were treated with four injections totaling 0.15 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band. The results demonstrate differences in learning and memory processes between male and female rats.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Hodges MR, Opansky C, Qian B, Davis S, Bonis J, Bastasic J, Leekley T, Pan LG, Forster HV (2004) Transient attenuation of CO2 sensitivity after neurotoxic lesions in the medullary raphe-area in awake goats. J Appl Physiol 97(6):2236-2247. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00584.2004

Summary: The authors wished to investigate the influence medullary raphe-area neurons have on breathing. This control may be through CO2/H+ chemoreceptors and/or through non-chemoreceptor modulation. 1 or 10 µl of 50 pM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) or Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was injected into the raphe of goats. Breathing and CO2 sensitivity were evaluated during different physiologic conditions. The data suggest that SP receptor- and glutamate receptor-expressing neurons in the medullary raphe both influence CO2 sensitivity, but not altered breathing periods.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Dalley JW, Cardinal RN, Robbins TW (2004) Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28(7):771-784. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.006

Objective: To review current progress in our understanding of the rodent prefrontal cortex, especially evidence for functional divergence of the anatomically distinct sub-regions of the rat prefrontal cortex.

Summary: A greater understanding of the prefrontal cortex will come from using tasks that load specific cognitive and executive processes, in parallel with discovering new ways of manipulating the different sub-regions and neuromodulatory systems of the prefrontal cortex.

Usage: Lesions of the cortically projecting cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis made using excitotoxins, or the highly selective cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-SAP, generally impair discriminative performance.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Heckers S et al. Complete and selective cholinergic denervation of rat neocortex and hippocampus but not amygdala by an immunotoxin against the p75 NGF receptor. J Neurosci 14:1271-1289, 1994.

Ma J, Shen B, Rajakumar N, Leung LS (2004) The medial septum mediates impairment of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle induced by a hippocampal seizure or phencyclidine. Behav Brain Res 155(1):153-166. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.04.010

Summary: Deficits in sensorimotor gating, suppression of a motor response by a sensory stimulus are found in schizophrenic patients, as well as laboratory animals after administration of compounds such as phencyclidine (PCP). The authors lesioned the cholinergic system of the medial septum in rats with 0.14-0.21 µg injections of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) to examine the involvement of these neurons in sensorimotor gating. The authors suggest that GABAergic, but not cholinergic septohippocampal neurons mediate this deficit.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Estacio MA, Tsukamura H, Reyes BA, Uenoyama Y, I’anson H, Maeda K (2004) Involvement of brainstem catecholaminergic inputs to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in estrogen receptor alpha expression in this nucleus during different stress conditions in female rats. Endocrinology 145(11):4917-4926. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-0469

Summary: Norepinephrine release in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is increased during periods of metabolic stress. The authors hypothesized that noradrenergic inputs to the PVN may also mediate estrogen receptor a (ERa) expression in the PVN during metabolic stress. 20 ng of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) was injected bilaterally into the PVN of rats, and ERa expression was examined in several stress models. Results indicate that during metabolic stress catecholaminergic inputs to the PVN play a major role in mediating the induction of ERa expression.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Wenninger JM, Pan LG, Klum L, Leekley T, Bastastic J, Hodges MR, Feroah TR, Davis S, Forster HV (2004) Large lesions in the pre-Botzinger complex area eliminate eupneic respiratory rhythm in awake goats. J Appl Physiol 97(5):1629-1636. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00953.2003

Summary: Previously the authors demonstrated that lesioning the pre-Bötzinger Complex (pre-BötzC) with SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) resulted in transient disruptions of normal respiratory muscle activation in goats. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a more complete lesion of the pre-BötzC area. The authors treated SP-SAP-lesioned goats with ibotenic acid. The results suggest that the pre-BötzC is critical for generating a normal respiratory rhythm during the awake state.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)