antibodies

Yin S, Noetzel MJ, Johnson KA, Zamorano R, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Gregory KJ, Conn PJ, Niswender CM (2014) Selective actions of novel allosteric modulators reveal functional heteromers of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the CNS. J Neurosci 34(1):79-94. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1129-13.2014 PMID: 24381270

Summary: The eight mGlu receptor subtypes that have been discovered have been thought to function only as homodimers. Although recent studies have suggested that these receptors can form heterodimers in vitro, this has not been demonstrated in vivo. Using a variety of methods, including western blots, coimmunoprecipitation, thallium flux assays, transient transfections, and whole cell patch recordings the authors show that mGlu2 and mGlu4 form a hetero-complex in both rat and mouse tissues. An anti-mGluR2 (Cat. #AB-N32) was used in coimmunoprecipitation.

Related Products: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (mGluR2) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N32)

Kinikoglu B, Kong Y, Liao EC (2014) Characterization of cultured multipotent zebrafish neural crest cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 239(2):159-168. doi: 10.1177/1535370213513997 PMID: 24326414

Summary: This work details the isolation of neural crest cells (NCCs) from transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing GFP and flow cytometry; the authors analyzed lineage markers and differentiation of the NCCs. Anti-mu p75 (Cat. #AB-N01AP) was used in immunocytochemistry at a 1:20 dilution on fixed cells.

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Burke RM, Norman TA, Haydar TF, Slack BE, Leeman SE, Blusztajn JK, Mellott TJ (2013) BMP9 ameliorates amyloidosis and the cholinergic defect in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(48):19567-19572. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1319297110 PMID: 24218590

Summary: During development bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) induces the cholinergic phenotype in the basal forebrain. The authors investigated the use of BMP9 as a treatment of basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration, such as is seen in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Transgenic mice displaying AD phenotypes and expressing GFP in cholinergic neurons received icv infusions of BMP9, and several cholinergic markers were assessed. Anti-p75NTR (Cat. #AB-N01) was used in immunoblotting at a 1:3000 dilution to measure p75 levels. The results demonstrate the protective and therapeutic activity of BMP9 on AD symptoms.

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)

Q: We have a publication in review and put this statement in the paper, “The mouse monoclonal antibody to the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75NTR; Advanced Targeting Systems) was derived from immunization of mice with WM245 melanoma cells and recognizes p75NTR in human, primate, rabbit, sheep, dog, cat, and pig. According to the manufacturer’s information, the antibody was tested by flow cytometry.” One of the reviewers wants to know more about the flow cytometry used to characterize this antibody (Cat. #AB-N07). Can you help, please?

A: This antibody is routinely tested by flow cytometry. The quality control flow data can be found on the data sheet on our website. HS294T cells, human metastatic melanoma cells, were used in flow cytometry with Anti-p75NTR (ME20.4, Cat. #AB-N07). Cells were treated with 4 µg of AB-N07 and subsequently with Anti-murine IgG-FITC (Cat. #FL-07). This assay shows the binding affinity of AB-N07 to cells known to express p75NTR.

Bitzenhofer SH, Hanganu-Opatz IL (2014) Oscillatory coupling within neonatal prefrontal-hippocampal networks is independent of selective removal of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 77:57-67. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.007 PMID: 24056266

Summary: During cognitive tasks neuronal networks are entrained by oscillatory electrical rhythms with different frequencies. It has been proposed that GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal-hippocampal networks control this processing. The authors administered 252 ng of Anti-vGAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-71) into the ventral hippocampus of rats to examine how the GABAergic neurons could be involved. Unconjugated anti-vGAT (Cat #AB-N44) was used as a control. Hippocampal sharp waves were impaired during neonatal development, but the data indicate that oscillatory coupling between the neonatal prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is not controlled by GABAergic hippocampal interneurons.

Related Products: Anti-vGAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-71), vGAT Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N44)

Kouchek M, Takasusuki T, Terashima T, Yaksh TL, Xu Q (2013) Effects of intrathecal SNC80, a delta receptor ligand, on nociceptive threshold and dorsal horn substance p release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 347(2):258-264. doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.206573 PMID: 23978562

Summary: In this work the authors utilized three different preclinical pain models to examine the effects of intrathecal administration of the DOR agonist SNC80. One strategy was to assess NK-1 receptor (NK1r) internalization using anti-NK1r (Cat. #AB-N33AP) in IHC at a 1:3000 dilution on cryosections. The data indicate that the transmitter release from small peptidergic afferents is an effect mediated by DOR in the spinal cord.

Related Products: NK-1 Receptor Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N33AP)

Johnson PL, Sajdyk TJ, Fitz SD, Hale MW, Lowry CA, Hay-Schmidt A, Shekhar A (2013) Angiotensin II’s role in sodium lactate-induced panic-like responses in rats with repeated urocortin 1 injections into the basolateral amygdala: amygdalar angiotensin receptors and panic. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 44:248-256. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.014 PMID: 23523745

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the subfornical organ (SFO) projects to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and releases angiotensin-II (A-11) to mobilize panic responses.

Summary: The presence of AT-1R was confirmed in the BLA which, combined with previous data, suggests that A-II’s panicogenic effects in the BLA are AT-1R dependent.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:250 to 1:500).

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Kreitzer FR, Salomonis N, Sheehan A, Huang M, Park JS, Spindler MJ, Lizarraga P, Weiss WA, So PL, Conklin BR (2013) A robust method to derive functional neural crest cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Am J Stem Cells 2(2):119-131. PMID: 23862100

Usage: Immunocytochemistry 1:200

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Smith MT, Woodruff TM, Wyse BD, Muralidharan A, Walther T (2013) A small molecule angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT₂R) antagonist produces analgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p44/p42 MAPK activation in the dorsal root ganglia. Pain Med 14(10):1557-1568. doi: 10.1111/pme.12157 PMID: 23742186

Objective: To elucidate the mechanism through which EMA300, a small molecule antagonist of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) with >1,000-fold selectivity over the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, produces analgesia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain.

Summary: Augmented angiotensin II/AT2R signaling in the DRGs of CCI rats is attenuated by EMA300 to block p38 MAPK and p44/p42 MAPK activation, a mechanism with clinical validity for alleviating neuropathic pain.

Usage: Immunostaining (1:250), rat DRG sections

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)

Montandon G, Horner RL (2013) State-dependent contribution of the hyperpolarization-activated na+/k+ and persistent na+ currents to respiratory rhythmogenesis in vivo. J Neurosci 33(20):8716-8728. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5066-12.2013 PMID: 23678115

Summary: The hyperpolarization-activated cation current in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) was identified as a critical component of respiratory rhythm. An anti-neurokinin 1 receptor antibody (Cat. #AB-N04 replaced by Cat. #AB-N33AP) at a 1:1000 dilution was used to identify preBötC neurons in the brainstem.

Related Products: NK-1 Receptor Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N33AP)