antibodies

Mao C, Agca C, Mocko-Strand J, Wang J, Ullrich-Lüter E, Pan P, Wang S, Arnone M, Frishman L, Klein W (2016) Substituting mouse transcription factor Pou4f2 with a sea urchin orthologue restores retinal ganglion cell development. Proc Biol Sci 283:20152978. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2978 PMID: 26962139

Summary: Pou4f2 is Pou domain transcription factor that is essential for the development of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the vertebrate retina. The sea urchin genome contains SpPou4f1/2, a distant orthologue of Pou4f2, but they have no obvious eyes and their photoreceptors are located around their tube feet disc. Scientists replaced genomic Pou4f2 with an SpPou4f1/2 cDNA to see if SpPou4f1/2 could support RGC development in mice. Mice expressing SpPou4f1/2 developed retinas that looked like wild-type mice. Immunolabeling of retinas with a 1:1000 dilution of Anti-Melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N39) showed the presence of many well-bundled axons emanating from SpPou4f1/2-expressing RGCs. Electroretinogram recordings from these mice indicate that their RGCs are functionally active. These results suggest that there is a high degree of functional conservation between the two genes despite more than 540 million years of divergence from the common ancestor of mice and sea urchins.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Akagi S, Kono N, Ariyama H, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Arai H (2016) Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 protects against cytotoxicity induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. FASEB J 30:2027-2039. doi: 10.1096/fj.201500149 PMID: 26887439

Summary: Dietary consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids can influence the degree of fatty acid unsaturation in membrane phospholipids, and consequently membrane-associated functions. Scientists set out to investigate how mammalian cells change their membrane lipid composition in response to loading with excess polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Lipidomic analysis showed that PUFA treatment induces production of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). By suppressing phospholipid metabolism-related genes by RNA interference, they found that Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) was involved in DPPC production. To reveal the role of DPPC produced by PUFA treatment, HeLa cells were transfected with a siRNA against LPCAT1 to reduce its protein expression. The cells were lysed after treatment with a PUFA and subjected to western blot analysis using a 1:1000 dilution of Anti-SCD-1 (Cat. #AB-259) as the primary. SCD-1 desaturates the substrate of LPCAT1 for producing DPPC. PUFAs significantly reduced both the protein and mRNA expression of SCD-1. They showed that inhibiting DPPC production by LPCAT1 knockdown enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that DPPC produced via LPCAT1 protects against PUFA-induced cytotoxicity.

Related Products: SCD-1 Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-259)

Webster C, Caram-Salas N, Haqqani A, Thom G, Brown L, Rennie K, Yogi A, Costain W, Brunette E, Stanimirovic D (2016) Brain penetration, target engagement, and disposition of the blood-brain barrier-crossing bispecific antibody antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1. FASEB J 30:1927-1940. doi: 10.1096/fj.201500078 PMID: 26839377

Summary: To generate a BBB-transmigrating antibody that could be reformatted to full IgG, scientists started with the BBB-crossing llama single domain antibody FC5. Standard phage display protocols were used to isolate single-chain variable fragments (scFv) from the FC5-scFv library. 6His Mouse Monoclonal antibody (Cat. #AB-213) was used to assess cell binding of scFvs of FC5 using fluorescence microvolume assay technology. An scFv that competed with FC5 binding was selected for further testing. An antibody antagonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptor-1 was fused with this scFv antibody fragment (BBB-mGluR1) and tested in an in vitro BBB model. The resulting bispecific antibody retained selective mGluR1 binding and saw a 20-fold enhanced rate of transcytosis across the BBB compared to fusion with control antibody fragment. Intravenous injection of BBB-mGluR1 had analgesic properties in a rat model of persistent inflammatory pain.

Related Products: 6His Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-213)

Tanigawa M, Suzuki C, Niwano K, Kanekatsu R, Tanaka H, Horiike K, Hamase K, Nagata Y (2016) Participation of D-serine in the development and reproduction of the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Insect Physiol 87:20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.01.006 PMID: 26828952

Summary: The silkworm Bombyx mori is known to contain high levels of free D-serine, an optical isomer of L-serine. In this work, the authors investigated the localization of D-serine in various organs of the silkworms in various stages of life in an effort to elucidate its role. They used an immunohistochemical approach to localize D-serine to the silkworm hemolymph, midgut, testes, ovaries, and fat bodies. They also used rabbit antibody against glutaraldehyde-conjugated D-alanine (Cat. #AB-T049) to examine the distribution of D-alanine throughout the silkworms. The authors treated silkworms with an inhibitor of serine racemase to reduce the conversion of L- to D-serine and on the basis of their results suggested the possible involvement of D-serine in ATP synthesis for metamorphosis and reproduction.

Lee SB, Frattini V, Bansal M, Castano AM, Sherman D, Hutchinson K, Bruce JN, Califano A, Liu G, Cardozo T, Iavarone A, Lasorella A (2016) An ID2-dependent mechanism for VHL inactivation in cancer. Nature 529(7585):172-177. doi: 10.1038/nature16475 PMID: 26735018

Usage: Western blot

Related Products: Trans-4-Hydroxy-L-Proline Rabbit Polyclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T044)

McCabe KL, Kunzevitzky NJ, Chiswell BP, Xia X, Goldberg JL, Lanza R (2015) Efficient generation of human embryonic stem cell-derived corneal endothelial cells by directed differentiation. PLoS One 10(12):e0145266. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145266 PMID: 26689688

Usage: For immunostaining of the expression of Zona Occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), p75/NGFR and CD31, traditional methods were utilized. Anti-NGFr (p75) 1:100.

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Boisvert EM, Engle SJ, Hallowell SE, Liu P, Wang ZW, Li XJ (2015) The specification and maturation of nociceptive neurons from human embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 5:16821. doi: 10.1038/srep16821 PMID: 26581770

Usage: Immunocytochemistry 1:200

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)

Buhr E, Yue W, Ren X, Jiang Z, Liao H, Mei X, Vemaraju S, Nguyen M, Reed R, Lang R, Yau K, Van Gelder R (2015) Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:13093-13098. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1516259112 PMID: 26392540

Summary: Circadian clocks are found in most mammalian tissues. These clocks are synchronized by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the brain. The local clock found in the retina does not require rods, cones, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, or the SCN. In order to determine what photopigments are responsible for local retinal photoentrainment, the authors used a candidate gene approach. For immunohistochemical studies on flat mount retinas they used a melanopsin antibody (Cat. #AB-N38) at a 1:1000 dilution. The data indicate that OPN5, also known as neuropsin, has a light-sensing function and is involved in retinal photoentrainment.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Werner A, Iwasaki S, McGourty CA, Medina-Ruiz S, Teerikorpi N, Fedrigo I, Ingolia NT, Rape M (2015) Cell-fate determination by ubiquitin-dependent regulation of translation. Nature 525(7570):523-527. doi: 10.1038/nature14978 PMID: 26399832

Usage: Immunofluorescence 1:100

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Riazifar H, Sun G, Wang X, Rupp A, Vemaraju S, Ross-Cisneros F, Lang R, Sadun A, Hattar S, Guan M, Huang T (2015) Phenotypic and functional characterization of Bst+/- mouse retina. Dis Model Mech 8:969-976. doi: 10.1242/dmm.018176 PMID: 26035379

Summary: The belly spot and tail mutant mouse strain was first reported on in 1976. Among other phenotypic changes, it carries ocular mutations including retinal colobomas, reduced retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and axon misrouting. In order to assess the use of this strain as a murine model for stem cell therapies of retinal degenerative diseases the authors performed a number of characterization experiments including electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, testing of circadian rhythms, and morphological studies. Some of the immunohistochemistry was done using Anti-Melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N38) at a 1:5000 dilution.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)