antibodies

Huang WC (2016) Stem cells in tissue regeneration and diseases. University of California, Berkeley Thesis.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest stem cells (iPSC-NCSCs) and mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) on peripheral nerve regeneration.

Summary: Transplantation of NCSCs has better outcomes of motor nerve recovery and muscle reinnervation by Schwann cell differentiation in vivo and paracrine signaling, whereas transplantation of MPCs fails to promote functional nerve regeneration.

Usage: Immunostaining to characterize MPCs

Related Products: NGFR (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Lim J, Stafford B, Nguyen P, Lien B, Wang C, Zukor K, He Z, Huberman A (2016) Neural activity promotes long-distance, target-specific regeneration of adult retinal axons. Nat Neurosci 19:1073-1084. doi: 10.1038/nn.4340 PMID: 27399843

Summary: Axons in the CNS fail to regenerate after injury. Scientists sought to identify strategies that would allow retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons to regenerate in the eye-to-brain pathway, and if that was possible, whether the axons could reconnect with their correct targets and restore visual function. It was previously shown that increasing mTOR signaling could trigger RGC axon regeneration. Several conditions were tested, but combining increased mTOR signaling and then exposing mice to high-contrast visual stimulation daily for 3 weeks scientists after optic nerve crush resulted in long distance RGC axon regeneration, re-innervation of the brain and partial recovery of a subset of visual behaviors. A 1:1000 dilution of Anti-Melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N38) was used for the immunohistochemical analysis of retinas, optic nerves and brain tissue.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Jiao J, Xiong W, Wang L, Yang J, Qiu P, Hirai H, Shao L, Milewicz D, Chen Y, Yang B (2016) Differentiation defect in neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells in patients with aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valves. EBioMedicine 10:282-290. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.045 PMID: 27394642

Summary: Individuals with bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) are at a higher risk of developing thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) than patients with trileaflet aortic valves (TAV). Aneurysms associated with BAV most commonly involve the ascending aorta. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the ascending and descending aorta arise from neural crest (NC) and paraxial mesoderm (PM), respectively. Scientists hypothesized defective differentiation of the neural crest stem cells (NCSCs)-derived SMCs but not paraxial mesoderm cells (PMCs)- derived SMCs contributes to the aortopathy associated with BAV. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from BAV/TAA patients were differentiated into NCSC-derived SMCs and showed decreased expression of a marker of SMC differentiation (MYH11) and impaired contraction. The scientists demonstrated that decreased differentiation and contraction of patient’s NCSC-derived SMCs may contribute to the aortopathy associated with BAV.

Usage: Anti-NGFr (ME20.4, p75, Cat. #AB-N07) was used for the immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry of NCSCs.

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Go J, Kim JE, Kwak MH, Koh EK, Song SH, Sung JE, Kim DS, Hong JT, Hwang DY (2016) Neuroprotective effects of fermented soybean products (Cheonggukjang) manufactured by mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on trimethyltin-induced cognitive defects mice. Nutr Neurosci 19(6):247-259. doi: 10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000025 PMID: 25923962

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Cheonggukjang (CGK) manufactured by mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on neurotoxic damages.

Summary: The short- and long-term memory loss induced by trimethyltin (TMT) treatment was significantly improved in the CGK-pretreated group in a dose-dependent manner. A dose-dependent increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration, activation of the NGF receptor signaling pathway including the TrkA high affinity receptor and p75 NTR low affinity receptor was measured in all TMT/CGK-treated groups.

Usage: Western Blot

Related Products: NGFR (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Arroyo D, Kirkby L, Feller M (2016) Retinal waves modulate an intraretinal circuit of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci 36:6892-6905. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0572-16.2016 PMID: 27358448

Summary: The researchers explore the neural circuits underlying the ipRGC driven light responses of the developing retina and the mechanisms by which retinal waves regulate these circuits. They demonstrate that, even in the presence of cholinergic waves, ipRGC gap junction microcircuits propagate light-driven signals, thus strongly contributing to the overall light response of the developing retina. Following fixation, retinas were washed in PBS and remounted onto a new piece of filter paper. They were incubated in blocking buffer and then in primary immunoreaction solution, 1:2500 rabbit anti-melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N38). Results show that, during development, ipRGCs form extensive gap junction microcircuits that shape the early retinal light response. Retinal waves exert a far-reaching, neuromodulatory influence on these circuits via dopaminergic modulation of gap junctions, thus potentially impacting the processing of early visual input.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Mimura S, Suga M, Okada K, Kinehara M, Nikawa H, Furue M (2016) Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes craniofacial neural crest induction from human pluripotent stem cells. Int J Dev Biol 60:21-28. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.160040mk PMID: 26934293

Usage: Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Wehner A, Milen A, Albin R, Pierchala B (2016) The p75 neurotrophin receptor augments survival signaling in the striatum of pre-symptomatic Q175(WT/HD) mice. Neuroscience 324:297-306. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.069 PMID: 26947127

Summary: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder. It’s characterized by a combination of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric features. Striatal spiny neurons are dependent on brain-derived neurotropic factor for proper function and survival. Studies suggest both the receptors for BDNF, TrkB and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75), are improperly regulated in the striata of HD patients and mouse models. The authors investigated the role of p75 in the Q175 knock-in mouse model of HD be examining levels of activation of downstream signaling molecules to determine if p75 represents a promising therapeutic target. Anti-NGFr (mup75) (Cat. #AB-N01AP) was used at a 1:2000 dilution in immunoblotting. The data suggest that p75 signaling plays an early role in augmenting pro-survival signaling in the striatum and that disruption of p75 signaling at a pre-symptomatic age may exacerbate pathologic changes in these knock-in mouse models.

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Marycz K, Marędziak M, Grzesiak J, Szarek D, Lis A, Laska J (2016) Polyurethane/polylactide-blend films doped with zinc ions for the growth and expansion of human olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASCs) for regenerative medicine applications. Polymers (Basel 8(5):175. doi: 10.3390/polym8050175 PMID: 30979270

Objective: To show that polyurethane/polylactide blends (PU/PLDL) may be further improved by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles for the delivery of bioactive zinc oxide for cells.

Summary: The researchers showed that PU/PLDL blends doped with 0.001% of ZnO exert beneficial influence on adipose stromal stem cells and olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro.

Usage: Immunofluorescence staining to verify the p75+/GFAP+ phenotype of olfactory ensheathing cells (1:1000)

Related Products: NGFR (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Mao C, Agca C, Mocko-Strand J, Wang J, Ullrich-Lüter E, Pan P, Wang S, Arnone M, Frishman L, Klein W (2016) Substituting mouse transcription factor Pou4f2 with a sea urchin orthologue restores retinal ganglion cell development. Proc Biol Sci 283:20152978. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2978 PMID: 26962139

Summary: Pou4f2 is Pou domain transcription factor that is essential for the development of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the vertebrate retina. The sea urchin genome contains SpPou4f1/2, a distant orthologue of Pou4f2, but they have no obvious eyes and their photoreceptors are located around their tube feet disc. Scientists replaced genomic Pou4f2 with an SpPou4f1/2 cDNA to see if SpPou4f1/2 could support RGC development in mice. Mice expressing SpPou4f1/2 developed retinas that looked like wild-type mice. Immunolabeling of retinas with a 1:1000 dilution of Anti-Melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N39) showed the presence of many well-bundled axons emanating from SpPou4f1/2-expressing RGCs. Electroretinogram recordings from these mice indicate that their RGCs are functionally active. These results suggest that there is a high degree of functional conservation between the two genes despite more than 540 million years of divergence from the common ancestor of mice and sea urchins.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Akagi S, Kono N, Ariyama H, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Arai H (2016) Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 protects against cytotoxicity induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. FASEB J 30:2027-2039. doi: 10.1096/fj.201500149 PMID: 26887439

Summary: Dietary consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids can influence the degree of fatty acid unsaturation in membrane phospholipids, and consequently membrane-associated functions. Scientists set out to investigate how mammalian cells change their membrane lipid composition in response to loading with excess polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Lipidomic analysis showed that PUFA treatment induces production of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). By suppressing phospholipid metabolism-related genes by RNA interference, they found that Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) was involved in DPPC production. To reveal the role of DPPC produced by PUFA treatment, HeLa cells were transfected with a siRNA against LPCAT1 to reduce its protein expression. The cells were lysed after treatment with a PUFA and subjected to western blot analysis using a 1:1000 dilution of Anti-SCD-1 (Cat. #AB-259) as the primary. SCD-1 desaturates the substrate of LPCAT1 for producing DPPC. PUFAs significantly reduced both the protein and mRNA expression of SCD-1. They showed that inhibiting DPPC production by LPCAT1 knockdown enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that DPPC produced via LPCAT1 protects against PUFA-induced cytotoxicity.

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