antibodies

Kiyama T, Chen CK, Altay HY, Chen YJ, Sigala L, Su D, Eliason S, Amendt BA, Mao CA (2025) Tbr2-dependent parallel pathways regulate the development of distinct ipRGC subtypes. bioRxiv 2025.04.29.651262. doi: 10.1101/2025.04.29.651262 PMID: 40654872

Objective: To demonstrate that two Tbr2-dependent transcription factors, Iroquois‑related homeobox 1 (Irx1) and T-box containing factor 20 (Tbx20), are key downstream transcription factors guiding lineage segregations of Tbr2-expressing RGC into distinct adult intrinsically photo sensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) subtypes.

Summary: Both transcription factors, Irx1 and Tbx20, also control Opn4 expression. When Irx1 is ablated during retinal development, Opn4 expression is significantly reduced in the M3, M4, and M5 ipRGC groups; however, the formation of Irx1-expressing ipRGCs is not affected. In contrast, when Tbx20 is deleted, a significant number of Tbx20-expressing cells fail to develop while Opn4 expression is down-regulated. These findings reveal two parallel transcription cascades downstream of Tbr2 for controlling ipRGC subtype formation, fate divergence, and maintenance in the adult retina.

Usage: Retinal sections or flat-mounted retinas were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and then incubated with the Anti-Melanopsin (AB-N39).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Bohl JM, Hassan AR, Sharpe ZJ, Kola M, Shehu A, Beaudoin DL, Ichinose T (2025) Pivotal roles of melanopsin containing retinal ganglion cells in pupillary light reflex in photopic conditions. 19:1547066. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1547066 PMID: 39990971

Objective: To examine the roles of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in the pupillary light reflex (PLR) by ablating photoreceptors using N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU).

Summary: Results suggest that ipRGCs primarily contribute to the PLR at a high light intensity, which does not agree with the previous results shown by mutant mouse models. The results indicate that the melanopsin response in ipRGCs generate fast and robust PLR when induced by high light.

Usage: Retinal whole mount preparations were fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde and blocked with 10% normal donkey serum and 0.5% Triton-X in PBS (PBS-T). Melanopsin antibody (AB-N39) was used at 1:5000 in PBS-T and was incubated for 3 days at 4°C, followed by Alexa568 donkey-anti-rabbit for 2 h.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Rehal SK (2024) Investigating the role of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vacc) in placebo analgesia. Univ Toronto Thesis.

Objective: To examine whether opioid receptors in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) were critical for the placebo response evoked by conditioning with 10 mg/kg morphine.

Summary: Significant differences were observed before and after injection of morphine for Dermorphin-SAP-treated mice throughout the conditioning days. At the same time, a percentage of anti-allodynia remained constant over the conditioning phase. Thus, mice displayed the analgesic effects of morphine during the conditioning phase. Additionally, microinjection of Dermorphin-SAP into the vACC did not influence pharmacological conditioning with morphine as there was no difference between either group during the conditioning phase. Selective ablation of mu opioid-expressing neurons in the vACC via Dermorphin-SAP led to a lack of placebo analgesia.

Usage: Bilateral injections were carried out at a rate of 50 nl/min of Dermorphin-SAP (IT-12) or 200 nl total injection volume of Blank-SAP control (IT-21).

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Malatiali S, Oriowo M (2024) Losartan is more effective than angiotensin (1-7) in preventing thyroxine-induced renal injury in the rat. Thyroid Res 17(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13044-024-00211-w PMID: 39491028

Objective: To elaborate the role of AngII in thyroxine-induced renal injury and the possible protective role of Ang 1–7.

Summary: Losartan is more protective than captopril against thyroxine-induced renal changes while Ang 1–7 offered no protection.

Usage: Western Blot: 1:500 dilution

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Zhang Q, Xue J, Tang J, Wu S, Liu Z, Wu C, Liu C, Liu Y, Lin J, Han J, Liu L, Chen Y, Yang J, Li Z, Zhao L, Wei Y, Li Y, Zhuo Y (2024) Modulating amacrine cell-derived dopamine signaling promotes optic nerve regeneration and preserves visual function. Sci Adv 10(31):eado0866. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0866 PMID: 39093964

Objective: To identify a unique subtype of amacrine cells (ACs), dopaminergic ACs (DACs), that respond early to optic nerve crush by downregulating neuronal activity and reducing retinal dopamine (DA) release.

Summary: Activation of DACs or augmentation of DA release using levodopa demonstrated neuroprotective effects and modestly enhanced axon regeneration. The dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) was also identified as a critical mediator of DAC-derived DA, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-specific DRD1 overexpression effectively overcame subtype-specific barriers to regeneration.

Usage: Immunostaining of retinal cryosections and whole mounts (1:1000) (AB-N39).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Kiyokawa Y, Ootaki M, Kambe Y, Tanaka KD, Kimura G, Tanikawa T, Takeuchi Y (2024) Approach/avoidance behavior to novel objects is correlated with the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the brown rat (rattus norvegicus). Neuroscience 549:110-120. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.003 PMID: 38723837

Objective: To compare the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems immunohistochemically among rats.

Summary: The serotonergic system suppresses avoidance behavior, while the dopaminergic system enhances approach behavior to novel objects.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:5000) Anti‐CRH antibody (AB‐02).

Related Products: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-02)

Yang Q, Liu L, He F, Zhao W, Chen Z, Wu X, Rao B, Lin X, Mao F, Qu J, Zhang J (2024) Retinal ganglion cell type-specific expression of synuclein family members revealed by scRNA-sequencing. Int J Med Sci 21(8):1472-1490. doi: 10.7150/ijms.95598 PMID: 38903914

Objective: To analyze the single-cell transcriptome in healthy and injured retinas to investigate their expression patterns and roles.

Summary: The study revealed that Snca expression varies across RGC subtypes, while Sncb and Sncg are uniformly expressed. Following traumatic axonal injury, Snca, Sncb, and Sncg levels decreased. The proportions of α-Syn-positive RGCs and ipRGCs remained unchanged, with notable changes in Ptn-Ncl and NCAM signaling pathways preceding cell death.

Usage: Immunofluorescence staining (AB-N39) (1:3000).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Bohl JM, Hassan AR, Sharpe ZJ, Kola M, Ayub M, Pandey Y, Shehu A, Ichinose T (2024) Melanopsin ganglion cells in the mouse retina independently evoke pupillary light reflex. bioRxiv 2024.05.14.594181. doi: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594181

Objective: To examine the role of rod and cone photoreceptors in pupillary light reflex (PLR) by acutely ablating photoreceptors.

Summary: Results demonstrate that ipRGCs are the major contributor to the PLR induced by high light.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (AB-N39) (1:5000).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Contreras E, Liang C, Mahoney HL, Javier JL, Luce ML, Labastida Medina K, Bozza T, Schmidt TM (2024) Flp-recombinase mouse line for genetic manipulation of ipRGCs. bioRxiv 2024.05.06.592761. doi: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592761 PMID: 38766000

Objective: To report the generation and characterization of a new mouse line (Opn4FlpO), in which FlpO is expressed from the Opn4 locus, to manipulate the melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.

Summary: The Opn4FlpO mouse line drives Flp-recombinase expression specifically within ipRGCs, with robust recombination in M1-M3 ipRGC subtypes. This model is a valuable tool for investigating these retinal cells’ physiological and behavioral roles.

Usage: Retinal histology (1:2000 dilution) (AB-N38).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Fitzpatrick MJ, Krizan J, Hsiang JC, Shen N, Kerschensteiner D (2024) A pupillary contrast response in mice and humans: Neural mechanisms and visual functions. Neuron 112(14):2404-2422.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.012 PMID: 38697114

Objective: To show that temporal contrast drives pupil constriction through a cell-type-specific retinal circuit in mice and humans.

Summary: The pupillary contrast response enhances high spatial frequency contrast in retinal images and improves visual acuity.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:2000) (Cat: AB-N38).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)