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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors activate septohippocampal GABAergic neurons via muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors.
Wu M, Newton SS, Atkins JB, Xu C, Duman RS, Alreja M (2003) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors activate septohippocampal GABAergic neurons via muscarinic but not nicotinic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 307(2):535-543. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.052514 PMID: 12966162
Related Products: 192-IgG Mouse Monoclonal, Cy3-labeled (Cat. #AB-N43FL3)
Targeted toxins in pain.
Wiley RG, Lappi DA (2003) Targeted toxins in pain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55(8):1043-1054. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00102-9
Summary: The authors discuss the use of ‘molecular neurosurgery’ in the study of nociception. Applications using targeted toxins, which include immunotoxins, protein-toxin conjugates, or peptide-toxin conjugates, are illustrated. The authors describe the use of these molecules as research tools, as well as their potential for therapeutics. A helpful table is included that lists neuronal surface markers and class of cells targeted for each targeted toxin. Reagents discussed: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), and acetylated LDL-SAP (Cat. #IT-08).
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), Acetylated LDL-SAP (Cat. #IT-08)
Subtypes of substance P receptor immunoreactive interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala.
Levita L, Mania I, Rainnie DG (2003) Subtypes of substance P receptor immunoreactive interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala. Brain Res 981(1-2):41-51. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02870-1
Summary: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) has been used to lesion substance P receptor (SPr)-expressing neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but the interneuron subgroups targeted by SP-SAP in the BLA have not yet been defined. The authors used dual-labeling immunofluorescence to examine SPr colocalization with calbindin-D28K, parvalbumin, calretinin, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). All neurons in the BLA that express NPY also express the SPr and therefore SP-SAP, which specifically eliminates SP receptor-positive neurons is a useful tool to study the role of NPY in the BLA.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
A double dissociation between serial reaction time and radial maze performance in rats subjected to 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis and/or the septal region.
Lehmann O, Grottick AJ, Cassel JC, Higgins GA (2003) A double dissociation between serial reaction time and radial maze performance in rats subjected to 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis and/or the septal region. Eur J Neurosci 18(3):651-666. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02745.x
Summary: Using 0.4-µl injections containing 0.4 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into either the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, or both, the authors examined the contributions of the p75 receptor-positive neurons on cognitive function in rats. Data indicate there is a functional dissociation between the two pathways in attention and memory.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Food- and light-entrained circadian rhythms in rats with hypocretin-2-saporin ablations of the lateral hypothalamus.
Mistlberger RE, Antle MC, Kilduff TS, Jones M (2003) Food- and light-entrained circadian rhythms in rats with hypocretin-2-saporin ablations of the lateral hypothalamus. Brain Res 980(2):161-168. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02755-0
Summary: Food-anticipatory behaviors in mammals can follow circadian rhythms entrained by daily feeding schedules. Lateral hypothalamic (LH) neurons express hypocretin (also known as orexin) receptors, therefore rats were treated with four 500-ng injections of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) to eliminate these neurons. Lesioned animals displayed altered dietary behavior, but maintained anticipatory activity before the daily meal.
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
Role of subplate neurons in functional maturation of visual cortical columns.
Kanold PO, Kara P, Reid RC, Shatz CJ (2003) Role of subplate neurons in functional maturation of visual cortical columns. Science 301(5632):521-525. doi: 10.1126/science.1084152
Summary: Subplate neurons play a role in the development of connections between the thalamus and cerebral cortex. The authors used 0.5-µl injections of 0.25-1.0 mg/ml of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) to eliminate p75 receptor-positive neurons in the subplate of cats to investigate whether these neurons are involved in the organization and maturation of the visual cortex. This study also uses mouse IgG-saporin (Cat. #IT-18) as a control.
Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)
The role of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection in T-maze rewarded alternation.
Kirby BP, Rawlins JN (2003) The role of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection in T-maze rewarded alternation. Behav Brain Res 143(1):41-48. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00005-6
Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has been used extensively to lesion cholinergic projections to the medial septum from the hippocampal region. It is not yet clear how post-lesion neural regeneration may affect the results. The authors used four 50-ng injections of 192-Saporin to investigate effects prior to any suspected neural regeneration. Significant microglia activation, loss of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, and a clear inflammatory response were observed; but there was no impairment of spatial working memory.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Featured Article: A new immunotoxin for targeting dopaminergic neurons
Lappi DA (2003) Featured Article: A new immunotoxin for targeting dopaminergic neurons. Targeting Trends 4(3)
Related Products: Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25)
Intrathecal substance p-saporin attenuates operant escape from nociceptive thermal stimuli.
Vierck CJ, Kline RH, Wiley RG (2003) Intrathecal substance p-saporin attenuates operant escape from nociceptive thermal stimuli. Neuroscience 119(1):223-232. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00125-8
Summary: Administration of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) eliminates sensitization of nocifensive reflexes. The authors investigate whether SP-SAP elimination of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the lumbar spinal cord affects nociceptive sensitivity in general, or preferentially affects nociception dependent on spinal and brainstem, or cerebral processing. Rats treated with spinal intrathecal injections of 175 ng of SP-SAP showed attenuated thermal hyperalgesia, and no secondary hyperalgesia, while innate reflexes were unaffected by SP-SAP treatment.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Behavioral patterns under cholinergic control during development: lessons learned from the selective immunotoxin 192 IgG saporin.
Ricceri L (2003) Behavioral patterns under cholinergic control during development: lessons learned from the selective immunotoxin 192 IgG saporin. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27(4):377-384. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00068-x
Summary: The author reviews the effects of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) neonatal lesions (0.42 µg in each hemisphere) on the cholinergic basal forebrain system in rats. Short-term effects are seen in pups in learning tasks, as well as ultrasound vocalizations. Longer term effects are seen in task-specific behaviors. Data suggest that the extent of these effects are linked to the attentional load of the task. The age of the animal when lesioned may also play a role in the extent of the deficits caused by 192-Saporin; studies show that early in the first week of life is a particularly vulnerable period.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)