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Efficacy and selectivity of FGF2-saporin cytosolically delivered by PCI in cells overexpressing FGFR1
Vikan AK, Kostas M, Haugsten EM, Selbo PK, Wesche J (2021) Efficacy and selectivity of FGF2-saporin cytosolically delivered by PCI in cells overexpressing FGFR1. Cells 10(6):1476. doi: 10.3390/cells10061476
Summary: Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have become an attractive target in cancer research and therapy due to their implication in several cancers. The authors evaluated the efficacy and selectivity of PCI of FGF2-saporin (FGF-SAP) in cells overexpressing FGFR1. The authors conclude that to prevent off-target effects of FGF-based toxins, it will be necessary to circumvent binding to HSPGs, for example by mutating the binding site of FGF2 to HSPGs.
Related Products: FGF-SAP (Cat. #IT-38)
The deletion of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus disrupts the diurnal feeding pattern and induces hyperphagia and obesity
Maejima Y, Yokota S, Shimizu M, Horita S, Kobayashi D, Hazama A, Shimomura K (2021) The deletion of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus disrupts the diurnal feeding pattern and induces hyperphagia and obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 18(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12986-021-00582-z PMID: 34098999
Objective: To determine whether GLP-1 receptor-positive neurons play a role in feeding patterns and obesity.
Summary: Feeding rhythm disruption contributes to the development of obesity. GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) are expressed in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) which are known to be associated with thermogenesis and circadian rhythm development. These findings suggest that GLP-1R expressing neurons in the DMH may mediate feeding termination.
Usage: Exenatide-SAP targets GLP-1R expressing cells. Injections of 0.1 μg/0.5 μl Ex4-SAP or 0.1 μg/0.5 μl Blank-SAP (control) were administered into the DMH.
Related Products: Ex4-SAP (GLP-1-SAP) (Cat. #IT-90), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Antiplexin D1 antibodies relate to small fiber neuropathy and induce neuropathic pain in animals
Fujii T, Lee EJ, Miyachi Y, Yamasaki R, Lim YM, Iinuma K, Sakoda A, Kim KK, Kira JI (2021) Antiplexin D1 antibodies relate to small fiber neuropathy and induce neuropathic pain in animals. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 8(5):e1028. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001028
Summary: NeP patient-derived plexin D1-IgG selectively binds to isolectin B4-positive unmyelinated C-fiber type small DRG neurons that sense mechanical pain.
Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)
Identification and therapeutic targeting of GPR20, selectively expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumorswith DS-6157a, a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate
Iida K, Abdelhamid Ahmed AH, Nagatsuma AK, Shibutani T, Yasuda S, Kitamura M, Hattori C, Abe M, Hasegawa J, Iguchi T, Karibe T, Nakada T, Inaki K, Kamei R, Abe Y, Nomura T, Andersen JL, Santagata S, Hemming ML, George S, Doi T, Ochiai A, Demetri GD, Agatsuma T (2021) Identification and therapeutic targeting of GPR20, selectively expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumorswith DS-6157a, a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate. Cancer Discov 11(6):1508-1523. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.Cd-20-1434 PMID: 33579785
Objective: Introduce DS-6157a, an anti-GPR20 antibody-drug therapeutic for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
Summary: The only approved treatments for GIST are currently tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) which can be problematic. They lead to secondary resistance mutations in KIT or PDGFRA and disease progression. The authors identified G protein-coupled receptor 20 (GPR20) as a non-tyrosine kinase target and assessed its expression in cell lines, xenografts, and clinical samples. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and safety profile support its development as a novel GIST therapy.
Usage: Internalization activity of anti-GPR20 mAbs were evaluated by using Rat-ZAP. GPR20-expressing 293T cells were plated at 2500 cells/well in 96-well plates. Cells were treated with dilutions of various anti-GPR20 and 500 ng/ml of Rat-ZAP for 3 days. The percentage of living cells were measured using a CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay.
Related Products: Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26)
A5 noradrenergic neurons and breathing control in neonate rats
Taxini CL, Marques DA, Bícego KC, Gargaglioni LH (2021) A5 noradrenergic neurons and breathing control in neonate rats. Pflugers Arch 473(6):859-872. doi: 10.1007/s00424-021-02550-1
Summary: In this study, the authors investigated the participation of A5 noradrenergic neurons in neonates (P7-8 and P14-15) in the control of ventilation during hypoxia and hypercapnia. data suggest that noradrenergic neurons of the A5 region in neonate rats do not participate in the control of ventilation under baseline and hypercapnic conditions, but exert an inhibitory modulation on breathing variability under hypoxic challenge in early life (P7-8).
Usage: Anti-DBH-SAP (420 ng/μL) or saporin (SAP, control) was injected into the A5 region of neonatal male Wistar rats.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Premigratory neural crest stem cells generate enteric neurons populating the mouse colon and regulating peristalsis in tissue-engineered intestine
Yuan H, Hu H, Chen R, Mu W, Wang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Ding X, Xi Y, Mao S, Jiang M, Chen J, He Y, Wang L, Dong Y, Tou J, Chen W (2021) Premigratory neural crest stem cells generate enteric neurons populating the mouse colon and regulating peristalsis in tissue-engineered intestine. Stem Cells Transl Med 10(6):922-938. doi: 10.1002/sctm.20-0469 PMID: 33481357
Objective: To determine whether premigratory NCSCs (pNCSCs) could form enteric neurons and mediate the motility.
Summary: The results show that the pNCSCs that were previously assumed to not be induced by intestinal environment or cues can innervate the intestine and establish neuron-dependent motility.
Usage: Immunochemistry (1:200)
Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N01)
Implication of RAS in postnatal cardiac remodeling, fibrosis and dysfunction induced by fetal undernutrition
Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Vieira-Rocha MS, Quintana-Villamandos B, Monedero-Cobeta I, Prachaney P, López de Pablo AL, González MDC, Morato M, Diniz C, Arribas SM (2021) Implication of RAS in postnatal cardiac remodeling, fibrosis and dysfunction induced by fetal undernutrition. Pathophysiology 28(2):273-290. doi: 10.3390/pathophysiology28020018 PMID: 35366262
Objective: To assess if alterations in renal artery stenosis (RAS) during lactation participate in cardiac dysfunction associated with fetal undernutrition.
Summary: In rats exposed to fetal undernutrition, RAS disbalance and associated cardiac remodeling during lactation may set the basis for later heart dysfunction.
Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:50)
Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)
Electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis of meynert: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical data
Nazmuddin M, Philippens IHCHM, van Laar T (2021) Electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis of meynert: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical data. Sci Rep 11(1):11751. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91391-0
Objective: Review the design of stimulation experiments on the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and its effects on behavioral and neurophysiological aspects.
Summary: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the NBM (nucleus basalis of Meynert) in animal studies and the effects on behavioral and neurophysiological aspects are systematically reviewed. Translation of these outcomes to current clinical practice is hampered by the fact that mainly animals with an intact NBM were used, and most animals were stimulated unilaterally. Lee et al. (2016) addressed both of these issues using 192-IgG-SAP to lesion the NBM, which was stimulated thereafter.
Usage: Lee et al. lesioned the basal forebrain of rats through bilateral injections totaling 5 μg of 192-IgG-SAP into the lateral ventricle.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
See Also:
Role of A1/A2 neurons in the dysregulation of vasopressin release and dilutional hyponatremia in liver disease
Aikins A, Little J, Cunningham, J (2021) Role of A1/A2 neurons in the dysregulation of vasopressin release and dilutional hyponatremia in liver disease. FASEB J 35(1) Experimental Biology 2021 Meeting Abstracts. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.S1.04975 PMID: 0
Summary: Experiments suggest that A1/A2 neurons could be involved in the increased plasma AVP seen in male BDL rats as well as the decreased plasma osmolality.
Usage: Selective lesioning of the supraoptic nucleus (SON)-projecting A1/A2 norepinephrine neurons was achieved using anti-DBH-SAP.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Utilization of pectoralis minor accessory inspiratory muscles in a rodent model of respiratory motor neuron loss
Borkowski L, Nichols N (2021) Utilization of pectoralis minor accessory inspiratory muscles in a rodent model of respiratory motor neuron loss. FASEB J 35(S1) Experimental Biology 2021 Meeting Abstracts. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.S1.01843 PMID: 0
Objective: To develop a model of selective respiratory motor neuron death to study how breathing is impacted and advance targeted therapeutic interventions.
Summary: Prior to ventilatory failure, patients can maintain breathing potentially via recruitment of accessory inspiratory muscles (e.g., pectoralis minor). The data suggest that the pectoralis minor muscles have an independent motor pool that can become recruited to assist in maintaining eupnea (normal respiration).
Usage: Adult male rats received bilateral CTB-SAP or control (CTB unconjugated to SAP) intrapleurally.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)