References

Kiyokawa Y, Ootaki M, Kambe Y, Tanaka KD, Kimura G, Tanikawa T, Takeuchi Y (2024) Approach/avoidance behavior to novel objects is correlated with the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the brown rat (rattus norvegicus). Neuroscience 549:110-120. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.003 PMID: 38723837

Objective: To compare the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems immunohistochemically among rats.

Summary: The serotonergic system suppresses avoidance behavior, while the dopaminergic system enhances approach behavior to novel objects.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:5000) Anti‐CRH antibody (AB‐02).

Related Products: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-02)

Simpson J, Starke CE, Ortiz AM, Ransier A, Darko S, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Fennessey CM, Keele BF, Douek DC, Price DA, Brenchley JM (2024) Immunotoxin-mediated depletion of Gag-specific CD8+ T cells undermines natural control of Simian immunodeficiency virus. JCI Insight e174168. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.174168 PMID: 38885329

Objective: To investigate the role of gag epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in the immune control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in a nonhuman primate model.

Summary: Antibody-mediated depletion studies suggest that CD8+ T cells suppress SIV replication, but bulk depletion of CD8+ T cells may increase SIV target cells. Authors selectively depleted CD8+ T cells specific to the CM9 epitope, but this didn’t suppress viral replication in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. The data indicate that CM9-specific CD8+ T cells alone are not sufficient for immune control of SIV.

Usage: Streptavidin-ZAP was added stepwise to purified CM9 monomers to a final molar ratio of 1:4 and administered intravenously at a doses of 350 pmol/kg, 500 pmol/kg, 1 nmol/kg, or 2 nmol/kg at various time intervals.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

See Also:

• Hess PR et al. Selective deletion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by MHC class I tetramers coupled to the type I ribosome-inactivating protein saporin. Blood 109:3300-3307, 2007.
• Leitman EM et al. Saporin-conjugated tetramers identify efficacious anti-HIV CD8+ T-cell specificities. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0184496.

Yang Q, Liu L, He F, Zhao W, Chen Z, Wu X, Rao B, Lin X, Mao F, Qu J, Zhang J (2024) Retinal ganglion cell type-specific expression of synuclein family members revealed by scRNA-sequencing. Int J Med Sci 21(8):1472-1490. doi: 10.7150/ijms.95598

Objective: To analyze the single-cell transcriptome in healthy and injured retinas to investigate their expression patterns and roles.

Summary: The study revealed that Snca expression varies across RGC subtypes, while Sncb and Sncg are uniformly expressed. Following traumatic axonal injury, Snca, Sncb, and Sncg levels decreased. The proportions of α-Syn-positive RGCs and ipRGCs remained unchanged, with notable changes in Ptn-Ncl and NCAM signaling pathways preceding cell death.

Usage: Immunofluorescence staining (AB-N39) (1:3000).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Bohl JM, Hassan AR, Sharpe ZJ, Kola M, Ayub M, Pandey Y, Shehu A, Ichinose T (2024) Melanopsin ganglion cells in the mouse retina independently evoke pupillary light reflex. bioRxiv doi: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594181

Objective: To examine the role of rod and cone photoreceptors in pupillary light reflex (PLR) by acutely ablating photoreceptors.

Summary: Results demonstrate that ipRGCs are the major contributor to the PLR induced by high light.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (AB-N39) (1:5000).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Contreras E, Liang C, Mahoney HL, Javier JL, Luce ML, Labastida Medina K, Bozza T, Schmidt TM (2024) Flp-recombinase mouse line for genetic manipulation of ipRGCs. bioRxiv doi: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592761 PMID: 38766000

Objective: To report the generation and characterization of a new mouse line (Opn4FlpO), in which FlpO is expressed from the Opn4 locus, to manipulate the melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.

Summary: The Opn4FlpO mouse line drives Flp-recombinase expression specifically within ipRGCs, with robust recombination in M1-M3 ipRGC subtypes. This model is a valuable tool for investigating these retinal cells’ physiological and behavioral roles.

Usage: Retinal histology (1:2000 dilution) (AB-N38).

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Meng XT, Song SY, Li Y, Peng S, Zhang LC (2024) Activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus alleviates acute incision pain behavior in rats. Research Square doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4258857/v1

Objective: To study the effects of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) on pain modulation.

Summary: Dexmedetomidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, and anti-anxiety effects. DEX was analyzed for its effects using a pain neuron knockout model of rats created by ablation of cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons in the lateral ventricles of rats. DEX inhibited the pain behavior of rats in a dose-dependent manner, and the analgesic effect of DEX was significantly attenuated in CSF-contacting nucleus “knockout” rats.

Usage: CTB-SAP [IT-14] (0.5 µg in 3 µL) was injected into the lateral ventricles (L.V.) of rats over 10 minutes.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Shivakumar AB, Mehak SF, Jijimon F, Gangadharan G (2024) Extra-hippocampal contributions to social memory: The role of septal nuclei. Biol Psychiatry 6:835-847. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.018 PMID: 38718881

Objective: Review neural circuit mechanisms that underlie social memory, with a special emphasis on the septum.

Summary: Understanding the complexities of the septohippocampal axis will allow targeted therapies to be developed to improve social memory deficits and enhance overall cognitive function.

Usage: Medial septum lesions in rats with 192-IgG-SAP (IT-01).

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Vale-Martinez A et al. Selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons produce anterograde and retrograde deficits in a social transmission of food preference task in rats. Eur J Neurosci 16(6):983-998, 2002.
• Berger-Sweeney J, Stearns NA, Frick KM, Beard B, Baxter MG (2000) Cholinergic basal forebrain is critical for social transmission of food preferences. Hippocampus 10(6):729-738. doi: 10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:6<729::AID-HIPO1010>3.0.CO;2-M PMID: 11153718

Pandala N, Han I, Meyering E, Stone EM, Mullins RF, Tucker BA (2024) iPSC derived choroidal endothelial cell delivery using laminin-based hydrogels for the treatment of AMD. ARVO Annual Meeting 65(7):1542.

Objective: To demonstrate an interventional therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using a rat model.

Summary: In this study, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were injected into the eyes of rats that had undergone Anti-CD105-SAP-induced choroidal cell death, mimicking the pathology of AMD. The efficacy of the iPSC treatment was evaluated by comparing donor cell survival, retention, and integration in treated eyes versus controls that did not receive iPSCs.

Usage: Anti-CD105-SAP (IT-80) was administered via supra-choroidal injection at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml to selectively induce choroidal endothelial cell death.

Related Products: Anti-CD105-SAP (Cat. #IT-80)

Han I, Pandala N, Haefeli L, Lang MJ, Stone EM, Mullins RF, Tucker BA (2024) Development of chemically induced choroidal injury models for the study and treatment of AMD. ARVO Annual Meeting 65(7):5382.

Objective: To describe the development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) models through the targeted injury of choroidal cells in the eye.

Summary: Anti-CD38-SAP (BETA-016) and Anti-CD105-SAP (IT-80) were utilized to selectively lesion choroidal cells in the eyes of mice, creating an AMD model. Both agents demonstrated localized effects with no observed systemic toxicity at the administered doses, contrasting with the broader toxicity seen with Sodium Iodate, another lesioning agent examined.

Usage: Different doses of Anti-CD38-SAP and Anti-CD105-SAP (0.05, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/ml; 10 μL/eye) were injected suprachoroidally into the eyes of mice to induce the desired choroidal cell lesions.

Related Products: Anti-CD38-SAP Kit (Cat. #BETA-016), Anti-CD105-SAP (Cat. #IT-80)

Boucher A (2024) Unveiling cholera toxin binding and intoxication using enteroids and site-specific mutants. Univ Gothenburg Thesis.

Objective: To investigate the binding site requirements of cholera toxin in the human body.

Summary: The cause of cholera symptoms is cholera toxin secreted by bacteria once in the small intestine. Cholera toxin has multiple binding sites that lead to many different intake mechanisms. By identifying the binding sites responsible, the study seeks to lay the groundwork for better means of treatment.

Usage: Leukocytes were treated with biotinylated Cholera toxin B binding-deficient mutants mixed with Streptavidin-SAP (IT-27) and assessed for cell death.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Recombinant Cholera Toxin B (Cat. #PR-14)