References

Savage S, Kehr J, Olson L, Mattsson A (2011) Impaired social interaction and enhanced sensitivity to phencyclidine-induced deficits in novel object recognition in rats with cortical cholinergic denervation. Neuroscience 195:60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.027

Summary: Forebrain cholinergic dysfunction is thought to be part of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The authors lesioned the cholinergic corticopetal projection of rats by infusing 0.081 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. The lesioned animals displayed a reduction in the duration of social interaction. When the lesioned animals were then given PCP, they were no longer able to recognize a novel object. The data suggest a role of cholinergic hypofunction in the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Abbott SB, Stornetta RL, Coates MB, Guyenet PG (2011) Phox2b-expressing neurons of the parafacial region regulate breathing rate, inspiration, and expiration in conscious rats. J Neurosci 31(45):16410-16422. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3280-11.2011

Summary: Neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are involved in the CO2-dependent control of breathing in conscious and anesthetized rats. In this work the authors specifically examined Phox2b-expressing glutaminergic neurons in the RTN. Rats received 44 ng of DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the lateral horn of the second thoracic segment in order to eliminate C1 neurons that project to the spinal cord. The data demonstrate regulation of lung ventilation by RTN-Phox2b neurons, and also that these neurons are not rhythmogenic in adults.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Croxson PL, Kyriazis DA, Baxter MG (2011) Cholinergic modulation of a specific memory function of prefrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 14(12):1510-1512. doi: 10.1038/nn.2971

Summary: The authors investigated loss of acetylcholine in the large and highly differentiated PFC’s of rhesus monkeys. The monkeys received 80-92 20-ng injections of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) per hemisphere. Lesioned animals were severely impaired on tasks involving spatial working memory.

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Liu XY, Liu ZC, Sun YG, Ross M, Kim S, Tsai FF, Li QF, Jeffry J, Kim JY, Loh HH, Chen ZF (2011) Unidirectional cross-activation of GRPR by MOR1D uncouples itch and analgesia induced by opioids. Cell 147(2):447-458. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.043

Summary: Recent work has begun to define the different pathways used by itch and pain. This study was designed to investigate whether opioids cause the itch sensation by gastrin releasing peptide receptor activation. Mice received intrathecal injections of bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40) in order to investigate the coexpression of various signaling molecules in the spinal cord. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The data suggest that opioid-induced itch is independent of opioid analgesia, and is controlled through a mu-opioid receptor isoform.

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

King T, Porreca F (2011) Featured Article: Contribution of afferent pathways to nerve injury-induced spontaneous pain and evoked hypersensitivity. Targeting Trends 12(4)

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• King T et al. Contribution of afferent pathways to nerve injury-induced spontaneous pain and evoked hypersensitivity. Pain 152(9):1997-2005, 2011.

Pongratz G, Melzer M, Straub R (2012) The sympathetic nervous system stimulates anti-inflammatory B cells in collagen-type II-induced arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 71(3):432-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2011.153056

Summary: The sympathetic nervous system exerts anti-inflammatory effects on collagen-induced arthritis. To examine whether these effects are mediated by B-cells producing interleukin-10 (IL-10) the authors treated mice with 5 µg intraperitoneal injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03). The sympathectomy efficacy was assessed by analyzing norepinephrine levels in the spleen. The data suggest that increasing the number of IL-10 producing B cells can slow down arthritis progression.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Fiedler J, Strauss G, Wannack M, Schwiebert S, Seidel K, Henning K, Klopocki E, Schmugge M, Gaedicke G, Schulze H (2012) Two patterns of thrombopoietin signaling suggest no coupling between platelet production and thrombopoietin reactivity in thrombocytopenia-absent radii syndrome. Haematologica 97(1):73-81. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2011.049619 PMID: 21933853

Summary: Lower than normal blood platelet counts result from a congenital disorder called thrombocytopenia (thrombocytopenia absent radii syndrome, or TAR). Recent work indicates a complex pattern of inheritance, and possibly that TAR is at least a digenic disorder. The authors performed an extended study investigating signal transduction via immunoblotting, gel electrophoretic shift assays, and flow cytometry. One of the antibodies used was anti-p70 S6K (Cat. #AB-241). The authors conclude that there are defects in both platelet production and function in TAR.

Related Products: p70 S6K Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-241)

Olarte-Sánchez CM, Valencia Torres L, Body S, Cassaday HJ, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E (2012) Effect of orexin-B-saporin-induced lesions of the lateral hypothalamus on performance on a progressive ratio schedule. J Psychopharmacol 26(6):871-886. doi: 10.1177/0269881111409607

Summary: It has been suggested that orexigenic neurons in the hypothalamus consist of two anatomically distinct groups. The lateral hypothalamic area group (LHA), which modulates reinforcement mechanisms; and the dorsomedial hypothalamus and perifornical area group involved in regulation of stress and arousal. Rats received bilateral 15 ng injections of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) into the LHA. Results from a progressive ratio model indicate that the lesioned neurons control the motor component of food-reinforced responding.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Bergersen LH, Morland C, Ormel L, Rinholm JE, Larsson M, Wold JFH, Roe AT, Stranna A, Santello M, Bouvier D, Ottersen OP, Volterra A, Gundersen V (2012) Immunogold detection of L-glutamate and D-serine in small synaptic-like microvesicles in adult hippocampal astrocytes. Cereb Cortex 22(7):1690-1697. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr254 PMID: 21914633

Summary: Verifying the presence of D-serine in astrocyte vesicles would help resolve whether astrocytes produce rapid gliotransmitter exocytosis for the purpose of neuromodulation. In one of a series of experiments the authors looked at D-serine levels with anti-L-glutamate (Cat. #AB-T08). The results suggest that domains of astrocytes can acquire local Ca2+ increases that trigger glutamate and D-serine release.

Related Products: L-Glutamate Rabbit Polyclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T08)

Wiater MF, Mukherjee S, Li AJ, Dinh TT, Rooney EM, Simasko SM, Ritter S (2011) Circadian integration of sleep-wake and feeding requires NPY receptor-expressing neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301(5):R1569-R1583. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00168.2011 PMID: 21880863

Summary: Feeding and sleep/wake states interact rhythmically across the circadian cycle. It is suspected that the mediobasal hypothalamic area (MBH) is the site where these rhythms are integrated. The authors administered bilateral 24-ng injections of NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28) into the arcuate nucleus in order to eliminate NPY receptor-expressing neurons in the MBH of rats. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The results indicate that these neurons are required for the interaction of feeding and sleep/wake timing.

Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

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