References

Ovsepian SV, Antyborzec I, O’Leary VB, Zaborszky L, Herms J, Oliver Dolly J (2013) Neurotrophin receptor p75 mediates the uptake of the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide, guiding it to lysosomes for degradation in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Brain Struct Funct 219(5):1527-1541. doi: 10.1007/s00429-013-0583-x PMID: 23716278

Summary: Accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain is considered one of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease. The increase in β-amyloid is accompanied by a reduction in levels of the high affinity nerve growth factor receptor (trkA) and cognitive impairment. The authors looked at levels of the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75) that do not decline. Using a 0.8-μg injection of 192-Cy3 (Cat. #FL-01) into the medial prefrontal cortex of rats the authors assessed the transport of p75 and β-amyloid by microscopy. The results indicate that the primary destinations of both p75 and β-amyloid were the late endosome and lysosome.

Related Products: 192-IgG Mouse Monoclonal, Cy3-labeled (Cat. #AB-N43FL3)

Lelkes Z, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Stenberg D (2013) Cholinergic basal forebrain structures are involved in the mediation of the arousal effect of noradrenaline. J Sleep Res 22(6):721-726. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12061

Summary: Wakefulness is enhanced by the injection of noradrenaline into the basal forebrain, but it has not been clear whether cholinergic or non-cholinergic neurons are involved. 230 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) was administered to the horizontal diagonal band/substantia innominata/ magnocellular preoptic nucleus of rats. Upon treatment with methoxamine, lesioned animals lost the non-REM sleep-suppressing effect, but the REM sleep-suppressing effect remained intact.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Mishra SK, Hoon MA (2013) The cells and circuitry for itch responses in mice. Science 340(6135):968-971. doi: 10.1126/science.1233765

Summary: Although previous work implicated neurons expressing the GRP (gastrin-releasing peptide) receptor were in the pruritic, or itch pathway, transgenic mice lacking natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb) were almost completely insensitive to itch. Using the custom conjugate Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69), the authors eliminated itch in response to a wide range of pruritic substances in normal mice through the administration of 5 μg of conjugate into the intrathecal space. Even after this lesion, the scratching response to intrathecal GRP was not changed, indicating that the role of GRP is at a later stage than previously hypothesized.

Related Products: Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69)

Yamazaki CM, Nakase I, Endo H, Kishimoto S, Mashiyama Y, Masuda R, Futaki S, Koide T (2013) Collagen-like cell-penetrating peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 52(21):5497-5500. doi: 10.1002/anie.201301266

Objective: To overcome drawbacks of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated forms, namely instability against attack by proteases, and binding to serum proteins that lowers the availability of the CPP to target cells.

Summary: Complexes were prepared by combining biotinylated CPPs with Streptavidin-ZAP to evaluate the impact of utilizing a rigid collagen-like triple-helical scaffold to improve CPP performance. There was low adsorption onto serum proteins and triple-helical CPPs are extremely stable in animal serum. Such unique properties are expected to be advantageous to long-term applications in cell culture systems and to in vivo drug delivery.

Usage: Biotinylated CPPs were interacted with Streptavidin-ZAP (SA-ZAP); IT-27: Streptavidin-ZAP

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Montandon G, Horner RL (2013) State-dependent contribution of the hyperpolarization-activated na+/k+ and persistent na+ currents to respiratory rhythmogenesis in vivo. J Neurosci 33(20):8716-8728. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5066-12.2013 PMID: 23678115

Summary: The hyperpolarization-activated cation current in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) was identified as a critical component of respiratory rhythm. An anti-neurokinin 1 receptor antibody (Cat. #AB-N04 replaced by Cat. #AB-N33AP) at a 1:1000 dilution was used to identify preBötC neurons in the brainstem.

Related Products: NK-1 Receptor Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N33AP)

Stratford EW, Bostad M, Castro R, Skarpen E, Berg K, Hogset A, Myklebost O, Selbo PK (2013) Photochemical internalization of CD133-targeting immunotoxins efficiently depletes sarcoma cells with stem-like properties and reduces tumorigenicity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1830(8):4235-4243. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.033

Summary: In this work the authors used photochemical internalization (PCI) to facilitate local cytosolic toxin release from various biotinylated-anti-CD133 antibodies coupled with Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) in SW872 cells. This technique demonstrates potential for non-invasive sarcoma therapy.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Gratz IK, Truong HA, Yang SH, Maurano MM, Lee K, Abbas AK, Rosenblum MD (2013) Cutting Edge: memory regulatory t cells require IL-7 and not IL-2 for their maintenance in peripheral tissues. J Immunol 190(9):4483-4487. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300212

Summary: Recently a new class of regulatory T cells (mTregs) were found that persist in non-lymphoid tissues and are involved in suppressing autoimmune responses. In order to examine the roles that IL-2 and IL-7 play in the development and regulation of mTregs, the authors used genetic deletion, adoptive T-cell transfer, and in vivo neutralization techniques. 5 μg of intravenous OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) per mouse was used to deplete CD90.1-positive cells during the adoptive transfer experiment. It was found that IL-7 is essential for the steady-state maintenance of mTregs in skin.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Roland J, Janke K, Servatius R, Pang K (2014) GABAergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) are important for acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response. Brain Struct Funct 219:1231-1237. doi: 10.1007/s00429-013-0560-4

Summary: The medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) are both important for learning and memory. There are strong connections between these two areas, and damage to one or the other can result in differing dysfunctions. The authors investigated how damage to GABAergic neurons in the MSDB affect acquisition of delay classical conditioning of the eyeblink response (CCER). Rats received 162 ng of GAT-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32) into the medial septum and 130 ng of GAT-1-SAP into each diagonal band. Treated animals displayed impaired initial acquisition of the eyeblink response, indicating that MSDB GABAergic neurons modulate delay CCER – a task that is not dependent on the hippocampus.

Related Products: GAT1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32)

Murray RC, Gilbert YE, Logan AS, Hebbard JC, Horner KA (2014) Striatal patch compartment lesions alter methamphetamine-induced behavior and immediate early gene expression in the striatum, substantia nigra and frontal cortex. Brain Struct Funct 219:1213-1229. doi: 10.1007/s00429-013-0559-x

Summary: In this work, the authors investigated the function of the patch compartment in abnormally repetitive motor actions (stereotypy) in response to a psychostimulant such as methampheta-mine (meth). Rats received bilateral injections of Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12; 17 ng) into the rostral striatum. When treated with meth, lesioned animals displayed reduced stereotypy, increased motor activity, and enhanced c-Fos expression.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Neace CJ, Alderete JF (2013) Epitopes of the highly immunogenic trichomonas vaginalis alpha-actinin are serodiagnostic targets for both women and men. J Clin Microbiol 51(8):2483-2490. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00582-13 PMID: 23616456

Summary: Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protozoan that is the most common nonviral causative agent for sexually-transmitted infections. The presence of T. vaginalis in men is usually asymptomatic, making it difficult to assess exposure to the organism. The authors examined sera from exposed individuals for reactivity to specific epitopes of trichomonad α-actinin. A recombinant version of trichonomad α-actinin was constructed and detected using Anti-6His (Cat. #AB-213). Some epitopes were reactive with sera from both men and women, making them potential diagnostic targets.

Related Products: 6His Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-213)