References

Liu Y, Weick JP, Liu H, Krencik R, Zhang X, Ma L, Zhou GM, Ayala M, Zhang S (2013) Featured Article: Medial ganglionic eminence-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells correct learning and memory deficits in an NGFr-lesioned mouse model. Targeting Trends 14(3)

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Liu Y et al. Medial ganglionic eminence-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells correct learning and memory deficits. Nat Biotechnol 31(5):440-447, 2013.

Johnson PL, Sajdyk TJ, Fitz SD, Hale MW, Lowry CA, Hay-Schmidt A, Shekhar A (2013) Angiotensin II’s role in sodium lactate-induced panic-like responses in rats with repeated urocortin 1 injections into the basolateral amygdala: amygdalar angiotensin receptors and panic. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 44:248-256. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.014 PMID: 23523745

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the subfornical organ (SFO) projects to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and releases angiotensin-II (A-11) to mobilize panic responses.

Summary: The presence of AT-1R was confirmed in the BLA which, combined with previous data, suggests that A-II’s panicogenic effects in the BLA are AT-1R dependent.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:250 to 1:500).

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Kreitzer FR, Salomonis N, Sheehan A, Huang M, Park JS, Spindler MJ, Lizarraga P, Weiss WA, So PL, Conklin BR (2013) A robust method to derive functional neural crest cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Am J Stem Cells 2(2):119-131. PMID: 23862100

Usage: Immunocytochemistry 1:200

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Bostad M, Berg K, Hogset A, Skarpen E, Stenmark H, Selbo PK (2013) Photochemical internalization (PCI) of immunotoxins targeting CD133 is specific and highly potent at femtomolar levels in cells with cancer stem cell properties. J Control Release 168(3):317-326. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.023

Summary: Targeted therapies for cancer can be trapped in the lysosome and compartmentalized away from the target. Photochemical internalization is a method to increase the efficacy of these compounds by releasing the therapeutic portion of the molecule from the endocytic vesicles to the cytosol by the use of light. The authors demonstrate this method on cells expressing the cancer stem cell marker CD133. Biotinylated antibodies against CD133 were combined with Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) and applied to cell lines.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Ben-David U, Nudel N, Benvenisty N (2013) Immunologic and chemical targeting of the tight-junction protein Claudin-6 eliminates tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 4:1992. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2992 PMID: 23778593

Objective: To identify a pluripotent cell specific surface marker and develop strategies to selectively eliminate tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) from mixed cell populations.

Summary: Claudin-6 (CLDN-6) was identified as a specific surface marker of hPSCs. Targeted elimination using CLDN-6 immunotoxins or sorting, effectively reduced teratoma formation, improving the safety of stem cell–based therapies.

Usage: Fab-ZAP Mouse (IT-48) and a primary anti-CLDN-6 antibody was applied at various concentrations to selectively eliminate CLDN-6–positive hPSCs.

Related Products: Fab-ZAP mouse (Cat. #IT-48)

Helena CV, Kalil B, Anselmo-Franci JA, Bertram R (2013) Time course study of targeted ablation of KNDy neurons, but not tyrosine-hydroxylase neurons, in the rat arcuate nucleus using a neurokinin b-saporin. Endocr Rev 34:OR47-5. 95th Annual Meetin and Expo, San Francisco. doi: 10.1093/edrv/34.supp.1

Summary: Ovariectomized rats were given bilateral injections of NK3-SAP (Cat. #IT-63) into the arcuate nucleus for a time course study of KNDy neuron loss. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control.

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Burgos-Ojeda D, McLean K, Bai S, Pulaski H, Gong Y, Silva I, Skorecki K, Tzukerman M, Buckanovich RJ (2013) A novel model for evaluating therapies targeting human tumor vasculature and human cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Res 73(12):3555-3565. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2845

Objective: To evaluate tumor vascular markers (TVM) expression in a human embryonic stem cell–derived teratoma (hESCT) tumor model previously shown to have human vessels.

Summary: The model tested represents a useful tool to test anti-human TVM therapy and evaluate in vivo human CSC tumor biology.

Usage: In vitro – Anti-THY1-SAP (biotinylated Anti-THY1 mixed equimolar with Streptavidin-ZAP) was incubated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC); resulting in statistically significant MSC death. In vivo – Anti-THY1-SAP or control (Rat IgG-SAP) was administered intravenously. Treated ovarian tumors showed delayed growth and significant reduction in central tumor viability.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Rat IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-17)

Wenker IC, Sobrinho CR, Takakura AC, Mulkey DK, Moreira TS (2013) P2Y1 receptors expressed by C1 neurons determine peripheral chemoreceptor modulation of breathing, sympathetic activity, and blood pressure. Hypertension 62(2):263-273. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01487

Summary: Peripheral chemoreceptor activation response is mediated by catecholaminergic C1 cells in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The authors investigated the molecular mechanisms linking this drive to increased sympathetic activity and hypertension through a variety of methods, including lesioning C1 cells in the RVLM. Rats received 4.2-ng bilateral injections of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the RVLM. Comparison of lesioned animals to controls demonstrated that P2Y1 receptors on C1 cells in the RVLM are key components in the regulation of breathing, sympathetic nerve activity, and blood pressure.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Smith MT, Woodruff TM, Wyse BD, Muralidharan A, Walther T (2013) A small molecule angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT₂R) antagonist produces analgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p44/p42 MAPK activation in the dorsal root ganglia. Pain Med 14(10):1557-1568. doi: 10.1111/pme.12157 PMID: 23742186

Objective: To elucidate the mechanism through which EMA300, a small molecule antagonist of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) with >1,000-fold selectivity over the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, produces analgesia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain.

Summary: Augmented angiotensin II/AT2R signaling in the DRGs of CCI rats is attenuated by EMA300 to block p38 MAPK and p44/p42 MAPK activation, a mechanism with clinical validity for alleviating neuropathic pain.

Usage: Immunostaining (1:250), rat DRG sections

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)

Ariffin MZ, Chang LS, Koh HC, Low CM, Khanna S (2013) An environment-dependent modulation of cortical neural response by forebrain cholinergic neurons in awake rat. Brain Res 1513:72-84. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.046

Summary: Rats received 168 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum and induction of c-Fos expression in response to either familiar or novel stimuli was measured.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)