References

Daniotti JL (2013) Featured Article: Antibodies to glycosphingolipids: An attractive tool for targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells. Targeting Trends 14(2)

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Torres Demichelis V et al. Targeted Delivery of Immunotoxin by Antibody to Ganglioside GD3: A Novel Drug Delivery Route for Tumor Cells. PLoS One 8(1):e55304, 2013.

Matchynski JJ, Lowrance SA, Pappas C, Rossignol J, Puckett N, Sandstrom M, Dunbar GL (2013) Combinatorial treatment of tart cherry extract and essential fatty acids reduces cognitive impairments and inflammation in the mu-p75 saporin-induced mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Med Food 16(4):288-295. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0131 PMID: 23566055

Summary: The authors investigated the efficacy of a combinatorial therapy, Cerise Total-Body Rhythm (TBR) by treating mice with TBR prior to and following icv administration of 0.8 μg of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16).

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Minces VH, Alexander AS, Datlow M, Alfonso SI, Chiba AA (2013) The role of visual cortex acetylcholine in learning to discriminate temporally modulated visual stimuli. Front Behav Neurosci 7:16. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00016

Summary: In order to examine some of the minor differences in the temporal structure of stimuli, the authors bilaterally injected 37.5 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) between the lambda and bregma of rats. This injection reduced acetylcholine projections to the visual cortex. Loss of that cholinergic input impaired the ability of the lesioned animals to perform fine discriminations, but previously learned discriminations remained unimpaired.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Premer C, Lamondin C, Mitzey A, Speth R, Brownfield M (2013) Immunohistochemical localization of AT1a, AT1b, and AT2 Angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the rat adrenal, pituitary, and brain with a perspective commentary. Int J Hypertens 2013:175428. doi: 10.1155/2013/175428 PMID: 23573410

Objective: To immunohistochemically differentiate the angiotensin receptor subtypes: AT-1ARa, AT-1ARb, and AT-2R.

Summary: Antibodies that can differentiate the three different angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the rat were used to immunohistochemically label angiotensin II receptor subtype-like immunoreactivity in the rat adrenal, pituitary, and brain. The pattern of staining corroborates mRNA, radioligand binding, and functional studies of adrenal and anterior pituitary angiotensin receptors.

Usage: Western blot (1:500), immunofluorescence (1:500), immunocytochemistry (AB-N25AP and AB-N26AP at 1:500, AB-N28AP at 1:2000).

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1AR) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N25AP), Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1BR) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N26AP), Angiotensin II receptor (AT-2R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N28AP)

Hernandez L, Flenker K, Hernandez F, Klingelhutz A, McNamara J, Giangrande P (2013) Methods for evaluating cell-specific, cell-internalizing RNA aptamers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 6:295-319. doi: 10.3390/ph6030295

Objective: Isolate aptamers that internalize upon binding to their cognate receptor on the cell surface

Summary: Among the methods used to characterize aptamers that internalize is a way to monitor for cytoplasmic delivery using the ribosome inactivating protein-based (RNA-RIP) assay. Biotin-labeled A9g was conjugated to streptavidin-modified saporin (streptavidin-ZAP).  First, it was verified that conjugation of biotinylated aptamer to Streptavidin-ZAP (A9g-SAP) did not affect the inhibitory effect of the aptamer. Next, the effect was examined of A9g-SAP on PC3(PSMA+) and PC3(PSMA-) cells.  Cells were treated with varying amounts of aptamer-saporin conjugate for 72 h at 37°C and then an assay was performed to determine potential cytotoxicity of the conjugate.  Results confirm that A9g is internalized preferentially into target cells and that A9g is efficiently accessing the cytoplasm of target cells possibly through a mechanism of endosomal escape, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and ultimate cell-death.  FGF-SAP was used as a control.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), FGF-SAP (Cat. #IT-38)

Laursen B, Mork A, Plath N, Kristiansen U, Bastlund JF (2013) Cholinergic degeneration is associated with increased plaque deposition and cognitive impairment in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Behav Brain Res 240:146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.012

Summary: Extracellular plaques containing amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) and cholinergic dysfunction are two of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Using a transgenic mouse line that displays an age-related increase in plaque deposition, the authors examined the relationship between cholinergic degeneration and Aβ overexpresssion. Mice received 0.9-μg bilateral icv injections of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16). Working memory was significantly impaired in lesioned mice with plaques, and the plaque burden was increased as compared to wild-type mice that also received a lesion.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Sato M, Akasaka E, Saitoh I, Ohtsuka M, Nakamura S, Sakurai T, Watanabe S (2013) Targeted toxin-based selectable drug-free enrichment of Mammalian cells with high transgene expression. Biology (Basel) 2:341-355. doi: 10.3390/biology2010341

Summary: Cell transfection is a powerful tool for evaluation of function and expression of newly discovered genes as well as for both small and large scale eukaryotic expression of proteins. Most transfection strategies require a selection agent to eliminate cells that do not internalize the plasmid containing the gene of interest. Subsequent maintenance of the tranfected cells requires the presence of the selection agent, and the expression levels of the gene of interest have to be evaluated on a cell by cell basis. In this work the authors designed a system utilizing 50 μg/ml rIB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) to eliminate non-transfected cells and select for strong expression of the gene of interest. The data demonstrate that this technique will generate stable transfected cells that express the gene of interest at high levels.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Koch H, Zanella S, Elsen GE, Smith L, Doi A, Garcia AJr, Wei AD, Xun R, Kirsch S, Gomez CM, Hevner RF, Ramirez JM (2013) Stable respiratory activity requires both P/Q-type and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. J Neurosci 33(8):3633-3645. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6390-11.2013 PMID: 23426690

Summary: Pharmacological experiments have suggested that sighs and normal respiration are highly dependent on calcium currents carried by P/Q channels. Using transgenic mice missing the Cav2.1 pore-forming α1A subunit the authors demonstrate that loss of P/Q-type calcium channels results in compromised breathing, sighing, neuromodulation, and leads to early death. A neurokinin-1 receptor antibody (Cat. #AB-N33AP) at a 1:500 dilution was used for immunohistochemistry in this work.

Related Products: NK-1 Receptor Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N33AP)

Gritton HJ, Stasiak AM, Sarter M, Lee TM (2013) Cognitive performance as a zeitgeber: cognitive oscillators and cholinergic modulation of the SCN entrain circadian rhythms. PLoS One 8(2):e56206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056206 PMID: 23441168

Objective: To examine how attention-demanding task performance interacts with circadian mechanisms in the SCN.

Summary: The authors used site-specific injections of the 192 IgG-SAP to selectively eliminate cholinergic projections to the SCN originating from the basal forebrain, thereby testing the necessity of forebrain cholinergic neurotransmission in mediating entrainment to cognitive tasks. The findings provide a basis for the hypothesis that in vivo cholinergic signaling, modulated by cognitive demand, entrains non-SCN oscillators and promotes diurnal activity through cholinergic-SCN interactions.

Usage: Rats received 0.4 µL per hemisphere of a 200 ng/µL of 192 IgG-SAP (IT-01) suspended in artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (ACSF).

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Rust S, Guillard S, Sachsenmeier K, Hay C, Davidson M, Karlsson A, Karlsson R, Brand E, Lowne D, Elvin J, Flynn M, Kurosawa G, Hollingsworth R, Jermutus L, Minter R (2013) Combining phenotypic and proteomic approaches to identify membrane targets in a ‘triple negative’ breast cancer cell type. Mol Cancer 12:11. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-11

Summary: The authors investigated a phenotypic antibody screening technique, in which antibodies are selected by function rather than target specificity. One facet of the screening procedure for hybridomas generated using a cancer cell line as antigen was the use of Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04) to assess cell binding and internalization.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)