References

Li AJ, Wang Q, Dinh TT, Wiater MF, Eskelsen AK, Ritter S (2013) Hindbrain catecholamine neurons control rapid switching of metabolic substrate use during glucoprivation in male rats. Endocrinology 154(12):4570-4579. doi: 10.1210/en.2013-1589

Summary: Previous work has shown that corticosterone secretion in response to glucoprivation is at least in part controlled by hindbrain catecholamine neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). In this work the authors investigate the metabolic consequences of lesioning these neurons. Rats received bilateral 82-ng infusions of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the PVH. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Although lesioned animals had the same energy expenditure and locomotor activity as controls, they also had a higher respiratory exchange ratio, indicating a reduced ability to switch from carbohydrate to fat metabolism in response to glucoprivation.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Bitzenhofer SH, Hanganu-Opatz IL (2014) Oscillatory coupling within neonatal prefrontal-hippocampal networks is independent of selective removal of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 77:57-67. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.09.007 PMID: 24056266

Summary: During cognitive tasks neuronal networks are entrained by oscillatory electrical rhythms with different frequencies. It has been proposed that GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal-hippocampal networks control this processing. The authors administered 252 ng of Anti-vGAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-71) into the ventral hippocampus of rats to examine how the GABAergic neurons could be involved. Unconjugated anti-vGAT (Cat #AB-N44) was used as a control. Hippocampal sharp waves were impaired during neonatal development, but the data indicate that oscillatory coupling between the neonatal prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is not controlled by GABAergic hippocampal interneurons.

Related Products: Anti-vGAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-71), vGAT Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N44)

Gulino R, Gulisano M (2013) Noggin and Sonic hedgehog are involved in compensatory changes within the motoneuron-depleted mouse spinal cord. J Neurol Sci 332(1-2):102-109. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.06.029

Summary: Noggin (NOG) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) are both involved in the generation and organization of neural tissues. In order to clarify the role of these two proteins in the regulation of neurogenesis and/or neuroplasticity the authors used a motoneuron depletion model in the mouse spinal cord. 3 μg of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) was injected into each of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles and the expression of NOG and Shh were monitored. Motor performance also correlated with NOG and Shh levels, indicating that these proteins could play roles in regeneration and functional restoration.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

da Silva EF, Freiria-Oliveira AH, Custodio CH, Ghedini PC, Bataus LA, Colombari E, de Castro CH, Colugnati DB, Rosa DA, Cravo SL, Pedrino GR (2013) A1 noradrenergic neurons lesions reduce natriuresis and hypertensive responses to hypernatremia in rats. PLoS One 8(9):e73187. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073187

Summary: Using bilateral 63-ng injections of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into two levels of the caudal ventrolateral medulla, the authors assessed several pressor responses to infusion of hypertonic saline. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. The results suggest that medullary noradrenergic A1 neurons are involved in the regulation of some responses to acute changes in body fluid composition.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Lee YS, Danandeh A, Baratta J, Lin CY, Yu J, Robertson RT (2013) Neurotrophic factors rescue basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and improve performance on a spatial learning test. Exp Neurol 249C:178-186. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.012

Summary: It is thought that therapeutic treatments of the cholinergic system may be a viable treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. In order to examine this hypothesis the authors administered a total of 160 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) in the form of bilateral injections into the medial septum. The lesioned animals then received 4-week infusions of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3, or both into the lateral ventricles. Animals treated with any neurotrophin, either alone or as a combination, retained more ChAT-positive neurons and performed better on a delayed match-to-position task than control animals. The data strengthen the theory that exogenous neurotrophic factors ameliorate the effects of Alzheimer’s disease.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Chang ST, Liu YP, Huang CL, Wang PY, Tung CS (2013) Implication of cerebral dopamine-beta hydroxylase for cardiovascular and mood regulation in rats. Chin J Physiol 56(4):209-218. doi: 10.4077/CJP.2013.BAB103

Summary: The ascending fibers affected by norepinephrine are involved in a variety of processes, including emotion, anxiety, and regulation of central autonomic outflows such as cardiovascular regulation and energy balance. The authors examined whether the loss of norephinephrine would cause autonomic failure in cardiovascular regulation. Rats received a single intraventricular injection of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03). Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. The results demonstrate that norepinephrine deficits in the brain influence reduction of excitatory responses to orthostatic stress.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Kouchek M, Takasusuki T, Terashima T, Yaksh TL, Xu Q (2013) Effects of intrathecal SNC80, a delta receptor ligand, on nociceptive threshold and dorsal horn substance p release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 347(2):258-264. doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.206573 PMID: 23978562

Summary: In this work the authors utilized three different preclinical pain models to examine the effects of intrathecal administration of the DOR agonist SNC80. One strategy was to assess NK-1 receptor (NK1r) internalization using anti-NK1r (Cat. #AB-N33AP) in IHC at a 1:3000 dilution on cryosections. The data indicate that the transmitter release from small peptidergic afferents is an effect mediated by DOR in the spinal cord.

Related Products: NK-1 Receptor Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N33AP)

Sasaki A, Adhikari S, Andoh T, Kuraishi Y (2013) BB2 bombesin receptor-expressing spinal neurons transmit herpes-associated itch by BB2 receptor-independent signaling. Neuroreport 24(12):652-656. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32836352d8

Summary: Using a skin rash model created by inoculating mice with human herpes virus, bombesin receptor-expressing spinal neurons were lesioned intrathecally with 400 ng of Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40). Lesioned animals displayed reduced scratching, but licking (due to pain) was not reduced.

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Graziano A, De Bartolo P, Burello L, Vitale E, Polverino A, Iuliano A, Sorrentino G, Mandolesi L (2013) Cortical metabolic deficits in a rat model of cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration. Neurochem Res 38(10):2114-2123. doi: 10.1007/s11064-013-1120-2

Summary: In this work the authors investigated the connection between cholinergic depletion caused by conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral energy metabolism deficits. Rats received a 0.4-μg injection of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Neuronal metabolic activity was measured by assaying cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity. The unilateral injection produced a bilateral deficit in CO activity throughout the cortex, and the front and parietal cortices showed CO deficits before the lesion was complete. The data suggest a link between cholinergic hypofunctionality and metabolic deficit.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Quadros EV, Nakayama Y, Sequeira JM (2013) Saporin conjugated monoclonal antibody to the transcobalamin receptor TCblR/320 is effective in targeting and destroying cancer cells. J Cancer Ther 4(6):1074-1081. doi: 10.4236/jct.2013.46122

Summary: Although the transcobalamin receptor (TCb1R) is expressed in most cell types, the expression levels are increased in actively proliferating cells, and decreased in quiescent cells. This expression profile makes the TCb1R an attractive target for cancer therapy. The authors used a custom conjugate of antibodies generated against the TCb1R and saporin to eliminate cancer cell lines in culture. When applying the conjugate to cells in a dosing range of 0.156-5 nM, 2.5 nM was found to have the optimal effect. Given that the level of toxicity was determined by the level of TCb1R expression, targeting the TCb1R may have potential as part of a cancer treatment strategy.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates