Fab-ZAP Alpaca (VHH) uses your primary Alpaca VHH antibody to target and eliminate cells that recognize your primary antibody. Fab-ZAP Alpaca (VHH) is made with a monovalent secondary antibody eliminating the possibility of cap formation, while preserving all the qualities that make an effective in vitro diagnostic tool. The antibodies used are affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against the VHH domain of heavy alpaca IgG. It also reacts with subclasses 2 and 3; and with the VHH domain of llama IgG, subclasses 2 and 3, and whole molecule alpaca and llama IgG1.
Fab-ZAP (VHH) is a chemical conjugate of goat anti-alpaca monovalent antibody and the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin. The antibody used in this product reacts primarily with the VHH domain.
Fab-ZAP (VHH) is available individually (Cat. #IT-98) or as a kit (Cat. #KIT-98) which includes Fab-ZAP (VHH), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Fab IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-67) and reagents for developing a cytotoxicity assay.
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keywords: antibody, efficacy, immunotoxin, screening, internalization, saporin, Fab-ZAP, monovalent antibody, secondary conjugate, primary antibody, goat anti-alpaca VHH llama IgG IgG1
Evaluate Potential Targeting Molecules.
Kohls M (2006) Evaluate Potential Targeting Molecules. Nature Methods
Summary: Targeted toxins -- targeting agents conjugated to saporin -- are widely used to eliminate specific cell populations both in vitro and in vivo. For these molecules to be effective, it is vital that the targeting component of the conjugate specifically binds the cells of interest. A secondary conjugate, Streptavidin-ZAP, has been created by attaching the toxin saporin to streptavidin. The user can combine primary biotinylated material with Streptavidin-ZAP to quickly and economically screen potential targeting molecules for internalization and specificity. Once the appropriate targeting molecule is identified, a direct conjugation with saporin can be performed.
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)
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Saporin as a commercial reagent: its uses and unexpected impacts in the biological sciences-tools from the plant kingdom
Ancheta LR, Shramm PA, Bouajram R, Higgins D, Lappi DA (2022) Saporin as a commercial reagent: its uses and unexpected impacts in the biological sciences-tools from the plant kingdom. Toxins (Basel) 14(3):184. doi: 10.3390/toxins14030184 PMID: 35324681
Summary: Saporin is a ribosome-inactivating protein that can cause inhibition of protein synthesis and causes cell death when delivered inside a cell. Development of commercial Saporin results in a technology termed ‘molecular surgery’, with Saporin as the scalpel. Its low toxicity (it has no efficient method of cell entry) and sturdy structure make Saporin a safe and simple molecule for many purposes. The most popular applications use experimental molecules that deliver Saporin via an add-on targeting molecule. These add-ons come in several forms: peptides, protein ligands, antibodies, even DNA fragments that mimic cell-binding ligands. Cells that do not express the targeted cell surface marker will not be affected. This review will highlight some newer efforts and discuss significant and unexpected impacts on science that molecular surgery has yielded over the last almost four decades. There are remarkable changes in fields such as the Neurosciences with models for Alzheimer’s Disease and epilepsy, and game-changing effects in the study of pain and itch. Many other uses are also discussed to record the wide-reaching impact of Saporin in research and drug development.
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