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Intact vagal gut-brain signalling prevents hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in response to high-fat high-sugar diet.
McDougle M, Quinn D, Diepenbroek C, Singh A, de la Serre C, de Lartigue G (2021) Intact vagal gut-brain signalling prevents hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in response to high-fat high-sugar diet. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 231(3):e13530. doi: 10.1111/apha.13530
Objective: To assess the function of the vagus nerve lack specificity.
Summary: Intact sensory vagal neurons prevent hyperphagia and exacerbation of weight gain in response to a HFHS diet by promoting lipid-mediated satiation.
Usage: Rat nodose ganglia were injected bilaterally with either CCK-SAP or unconjugated saporin as a control.
Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31)
Minocycline in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases: An update.
Romero-Miguel D, Lamanna-Rama N, Casquero-Veiga M, Gómez-Rangel V, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML (2021) Minocycline in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases: An update. Eur J Neurol 28(3):1056-1081. doi: 10.1111/ene.14642
Summary: Review includes the mouse animal model of neurodegenerative disease using mu p75-SAP. Biological Effects: Attenuation of cholinergic neurons loss, glial activation and transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Usage: 45 mg/Kg, i.p.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Tongue and hypoglossal morphology after intralingual cholera toxin B-saporin injection
Lind LA, Lever TE, Nichols NL (2021) Tongue and hypoglossal morphology after intralingual cholera toxin B-saporin injection. Muscle Nerve 63(3):413-420. doi: 10.1002/mus.27131
Objective: To evaluate tongue morphology and ultrastructural changes in hypoglossal neurons and nerve fibers in an inducible rat model of dysphagia.
Summary: Preliminary results indicate this model may have translational application to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases resulting in tongue dysfunction and associated dysphagia.
Usage: Rats assigned to the CTB-SAP group (n = 10) received 25 μg CTB-SAP to produce hypoglossal motor neuron death.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Central opioid receptors mediate morphine-induced itch and chronic itch via disinhibition
Wang Z, Jiang C, Yao H, Chen O, Rahman S, Gu Y, Zhao J, Huh Y, Ji RR (2021) Central opioid receptors mediate morphine-induced itch and chronic itch via disinhibition. Brain 144(2):665-681. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa430
Summary: Itch is a common side effect of opioids, particularly as a result of epidural or intrathecal administration. Notably, morphine-elicited itch was suppressed by intrathecal administration of NPY and abolished by spinal ablation of GRPR+ neurons with intrathecal injection of Bombesin-SAP.
Usage: For ablation of GRPR+ neurons, mice were given an intrathecal injection of 400 ng Bombesin-SAP or Blank-SAP (control) 10 days before behavioral testing.
Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Fluoxetine and ketamine reverse the depressive but not anxiety behavior induced by lesion of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of broca in male rat
Chen L, Ke Y, Ma H, Gao L, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Liu H, Zhang F, Zhou W (2021) Fluoxetine and ketamine reverse the depressive but not anxiety behavior induced by lesion of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of broca in male rat. Front Behav Neurosci 15:602708. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.602708
Summary: A lesion of horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) cholinergic neurons and followed hippocampus damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression.
Usage: Injections of 192-IgG-SAP were made bilaterally into the HDB in a volume of 0.5 µL per side with a concentration of 0.5 µg/µL.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
BNP facilitates NMB-mediated histaminergic itch via NPRC-NMBR crosstalk
Meng QT, Liu XY, Liu XT, Barry DM, Jin H, Sun Y, Yang Q, Wan L, Jin JH, Shen kF, Munanairi A, Kim R, Yin J, Tao A, Chen ZF (2021) BNP facilitates NMB-mediated histaminergic itch via NPRC-NMBR crosstalk. bioRxiv 2021.01.26.428310. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.26.428310
Related Products: Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Cholinergic signalling in the forebrain controls microglial phenotype and responses to systemic inflammation
Nazmi A, Griffin EW, Field RH, Doyle S, Hennessy E, O’Donnell M, Rehill A, McCarthy A, Healy D, Doran MM, Lowry JP, Cunningham C (2021) Cholinergic signalling in the forebrain controls microglial phenotype and responses to systemic inflammation. bioRxiv 2021.01.18.427123. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.18.427123
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Disruption of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons after traumatic brain injury does not compromise environmental enrichment-mediated cognitive benefits.
Moschonas EH, Leary JB, Memarzadeh K, Bou-Abboud CE, Folweiler KA, Monaco CM, Bondi CO (2021) Disruption of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons after traumatic brain injury does not compromise environmental enrichment-mediated cognitive benefits. Brain Res 1751:147175. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147175
Objective: To determine if basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are important mediators of environmental enrichment (EE)-induced benefits after traumatic brain injury.
Summary: These data show that despite significant medial septal ChAT+ cell loss, the EE-mediated benefit in cognitive recovery is not compromised.
Usage: 0.22 μg/1.0 μL 192-IgG-SAP was infused over 5 min at a rate of 0.2 μL/min.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Oxytocin influences male sexual activity via non-synaptic axonal release in the spinal cord.
Oti T, Satoh K, Uta D, Nagafuchi J, Tateishi S, Ueda R, Takanami K, Young LJ, Galione A, Morris JF, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H (2021) Oxytocin influences male sexual activity via non-synaptic axonal release in the spinal cord. Curr Biol 31(1):103-114.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.089
Summary: Oxytocin directly activates SEG (Spinal Ejaculation Generator)/GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide) neurons via OXTRs (Oxytocin Receptors) and influences male sexual function in the rat lumbar spinal cord.
Usage: Oxytocin-SAP (4 or 40 ng) was infused slowly into the L3 and L4 spinal cord. Blank-SAP was used as control.
Related Products: Oxytocin-SAP (Cat. #IT-46), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Loss of cholinergic innervation differentially affects eNOS-mediated blood flow, drainage of Aβ and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the cortex and hippocampus of adult mice
Nizari S, Wells JA, Carare RO, Romero IA, Hawkes CA (2021) Loss of cholinergic innervation differentially affects eNOS-mediated blood flow, drainage of Aβ and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the cortex and hippocampus of adult mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 9(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-01108-z
Summary: In this report, icv administration of mu p75-SAP resulted in significant death of cholinergic neurons and fibres in the medial septum, cortex and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice. This study supports the importance of the interrelationship between cholinergic innervation and vascular function in the etiology and/or progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and suggests that combined endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/cholinergic therapies may improve the efficiency of Aβ removal from the brain and reduce its deposition as CAA.
Usage: mu p75-SAP (0.596 μg/μl) was injected into the left and right lateral ventricles.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)