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Critical role of GRP receptor-expressing neurons in the spinal transmission of imiquimod-induced psoriatic itch
Kiguchi N, Saika F, Fukazawa Y, Matsuzaki S, Kishioka S (2020) Critical role of GRP receptor-expressing neurons in the spinal transmission of imiquimod-induced psoriatic itch. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 40(3):287-290. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12120 PMID: 32584520
Objective: To determine whether itch-responsive GRPR⁺ neurons in the spinal dorsal horn contribute to the transmission of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic itch.
Summary: Topical IMQ induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and scratching behavior, accompanied by upregulation of GRP and GRPR mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn. Chemogenetic silencing of GRP⁺ neurons or ablation of GRPR⁺ neurons with Bombesin-SAP significantly reduced scratching, showing that the spinal GRP–GRPR pathway mediates psoriatic itch.
Usage: Bombesin-SAP (IT-40) was administered intrathecally at 250 ng in 5 µL phosphate-buffered saline to selectively ablate spinal GRPR⁺ neurons.
Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40)
Spinal GRPR and NPRA contribute to chronic itch in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis.
Liu X, Wang D, Wen Y, Zeng L, Li Y, Tao T, Zhao Z, Tao A (2020) Spinal GRPR and NPRA contribute to chronic itch in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 140(9):1856-1866.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.016
Objective: The authors investigated the peripheral and spinal mechanisms responsible for prolonged itch in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE).
Summary: Targeting gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) may provide effective treatments for ACD associated chronic pruritus.
Usage: A single dose of Bombesin-SAP (400 ng) and Blank-SAP (400 ng) or two doses of Nppb-SAP (BNP-SAP; 650 ng) and Blank-SAP (650 ng) were administered via intrathecal injection.
Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Featured Article: Targeted hippocampal GABA neuron ablation produces hippocampal sclerosis, epilepsy, and dissociable effects on the Morris water maze and object-place paired association tasks
Bumanglag AV, Truckenbrod LM, Chun E, Hernandez AR, Federico QP, Maurer AP, Sloviter RS, Burke SN (2019) Featured Article: Targeted hippocampal GABA neuron ablation produces hippocampal sclerosis, epilepsy, and dissociable effects on the Morris water maze and object-place paired association tasks. Targeting Trends 20
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)
Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.
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Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 effects on food intake: Physiological relevance and emerging mechanisms
Krieger JP (2020) Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 effects on food intake: Physiological relevance and emerging mechanisms. Peptides 131:170342. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170342 PMID: 32522585
Objective: Review of findings of GLP-1 involvement in obesity.
Summary: The most selective method of gastrointestinal vagal deafferentation to date used CCK-SAP injected into the nodose ganglia which blunts the anorexigenic effect of IP GLP-1 administration.
Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31)
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Saporin from Saponaria officinalis as a tool for experimental research, modeling, and therapy in neuroscience.
Bolshakov AP, Stepanichev MY, Dobryakova YV, Spivak, YS, Markevich, VA (2020) Saporin from Saponaria officinalis as a tool for experimental research, modeling, and therapy in neuroscience. Toxins (Basel) 12(9):546. doi: 10.3390/toxins12090546
Summary: A review of studies where saporin-based conjugates were used to analyze cell mechanisms of sleep, general anesthesia, epilepsy, pain, and development of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
Related Products: Targeted Toxins
Exercise promotes recovery after motoneuron injury via hormonal mechanisms.
Chew C, Sengelaub DR (2020) Exercise promotes recovery after motoneuron injury via hormonal mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 15(8):1373-1376. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.274323
Objective: To describe how exercise is neuroprotective for motoneurons, accelerating axon regeneration following axotomy and attenuating dendritic atrophy following the death of neighboring motoneurons.
Summary: Exercise offers a simple, low barrier-to-entry behavioral intervention which is neuroprotective and pro-regenerative following neural injury.
Usage: Motoneurons innervating the left vastus medialis muscle were selectively killed by intramuscular injection of CTB-SAP (2 μL, 0.1%).
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Superior mouse eosinophil depletion in vivo targeting transgenic Siglec-8 instead of endogenous Siglec-F: Mechanisms and pitfalls.
Knuplez E, Krier-Burris R, Cao Y, Marsche G, O’Sullivan J, Bochner BS (2020) Superior mouse eosinophil depletion in vivo targeting transgenic Siglec-8 instead of endogenous Siglec-F: Mechanisms and pitfalls. J Leukoc Biol 108:43-58. doi: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0120-381r
Objective: To determine if targeting Siglec-8 with mouse IgG1 antibodies, rather than targeting Siglec-F with rat IgG antibodies, in mice transgenic for Siglec-8, will prove to be a more effective strategy for eliminating mouse eosinophils in vivo.
Summary: This study is the first to describe a novel mouse strain of Siglec-8+F− eosinophils—a useful tool for studying human Siglec biology in preclinical models.
Usage: Siglec-8+F− mouse eosinophils were pretreated with 10 μg/mL saporin-conjugated isotype controls (mouse IgG1 or rat IgG2), anti-Siglec-8 (2C4) or anti-Siglec-F (9C7) antibodies for 24 h.
Related Products: Custom Conjugates
Integration of peripheral and central systems in control of ingestive and reproductive behavior
Schneider J (2020) Integration of peripheral and central systems in control of ingestive and reproductive behavior. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Neuroscience . Oxford University Press doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.013.23
Summary: Highly glucose-sensitive cells in the ventrolateral medulla send catecholaminergic projections to the PVH. These projections can be selectively destroyed by Anti-DBH-SAP “DSAP” experiments show that catecholaminergic projections from glucose-sensitive cells in the ventrolateral medulla are necessary for all responses to glucoprivation, including increases in epinephrine secretion, glucocorticoid secretion, sex behavior, and food intake.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Increased expression of connexin 43 in a mouse model of spinal motoneuronal loss
Spitale FM, Vicario N, Rosa MD, Tibullo D, Vecchio M, Gulino R, Parenti R (2020) Increased expression of connexin 43 in a mouse model of spinal motoneuronal loss. Aging (Albany NY) 12(13):12598-12608. doi: 10.18632/aging.103561 PMID: 32579130
Objective: To investigate the role of the main astroglial gap junctions (GJs)-forming connexin, Cx43, in human Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the effects of focal spinal cord motoneuronal depletion onto the resident glial cells and Cx43 levels.
Summary: The data support the hypothesis that motoneuronal depletion may affect glial activity, which in turn results in reactive Cx43 expression, further promoting neuronal suffering and degeneration.
Usage: 12 μg of CTB-SAP injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle of mice to establish a model of spinal motoneuronal depletion.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Exaggerated postnatal surge of orexin and the effects of elimination of excess orexin on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats in postnatal development
Barnett S, Dong R, Briggs L, Moushey A, Li A (2020) Exaggerated postnatal surge of orexin and the effects of elimination of excess orexin on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats in postnatal development. bioRxiv 2020.06.17.158279. doi: 10.1101/2020.06.17.158279
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)