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Targeting spinal neuropeptide Y1 receptor-expressing interneurons to alleviate chronic pain and itch
Nelson TS, Taylor BK (2021) Targeting spinal neuropeptide Y1 receptor-expressing interneurons to alleviate chronic pain and itch. Prog Neurobiol 196:101894. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101894
Summary: Intrathecal administration of NPY-SAP reduced several operant and cognitive measures of Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced allodynia, including responsiveness to cold temperatures, feeding interference, and an escape task, but did not interfere with systemic morphine-induced analgesia. (Wiley et al.) Similar to the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain, NPY-SAP dose-dependently reduced the development of mechanical allodynia (hindpaw withdrawal response to von Frey filaments), mechanical hyperalgesia (response to blunt pin), and cold allodynia (hindpaw withdrawal response duration to acetone droplet evaporation). (Nelson et al.) Together, these directed lesion studies support the idea that the Y1-IN subpopulation of dorsal horn neurons is necessary for the maintenance of both mechanical and cold modalities of nociceptive transmission in chronic pain states.
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)
See Also:
- Wiley RG et al. Neuropeptide Y receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: role in nocifensive reflex responses to heat and formalin. Neuroscience 161:139-147, 2009.
- Nelson TS et al. Facilitation of neuropathic pain by the NPY Y1 receptor-expressing subpopulation of excitatory interneurons in the dorsal horn. Sci Rep 9(1):7248, 2019.
Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (Meynert) induce enhanced somatosensory responses and tactile hypersensitivity in rats.
Dezawa S, Nagasaka K, Watanabe Y, Takashima I (2021) Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (Meynert) induce enhanced somatosensory responses and tactile hypersensitivity in rats. Exp Neurol 335:113493. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113493
Summary: The authors used 192-IgG-SAP to produce a selective cholinergic lesion in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) of rats and investigated whether the NBM lesion led to tactile hypersensitivity in the forepaw. Results suggest that neuronal loss in the NBM diminishes acetylcholine actions in the S1, thereby enhancing the cortical representation of sensory stimuli, which may in turn lead to behavioral hypersensitivity.
Usage: The lesion group received injection of 0.3 μL of 192-IgG-SAP into the left nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM).
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Chronic pain in dogs (Dolor crónico en el perro)
Puente BR (2021) Chronic pain in dogs (Dolor crónico en el perro). Zaragoza Spain: Gruppo Asis Biomedia, S. L..
Summary: The author presents a thorough overview of aspects of canine chronic pain. He includes SP-SAP (Substance P-Saporin) as an experimental drug, “its use as an adjuvant analgesic in dogs with bone cancer has been studied,”
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
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Exercise is neuroprotective on the morphology of somatic motoneurons following the death of neighboring motoneurons via androgen action at the target muscle
Chew C, Sengelaub DR (2021) Exercise is neuroprotective on the morphology of somatic motoneurons following the death of neighboring motoneurons via androgen action at the target muscle. Dev Neurobiol 81(1):22-35. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22794
Objective: To determine where the necessary site of androgen action is for exercise-driven neuroprotective effects on induced dendritic atrophy.
Summary: Exercise following neural injury exerts a protective effect on motoneuron dendrites, which acts via androgen receptor action at the target muscle.
Usage: Motoneurons innervating the left vastus medialis (VM) muscle were selectively killed by intramuscular injection of cholera toxin-conjugated saporin (CTB-SAP).
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Aberrant functional connectivity of basal forebrain subregions with cholinergic system in short-term and chronic insomnia disorder
Ma X, Fu S, Yin Y, Wu Y, Wang T, Xu G, Liu M, Xu Y, Tian J, Jiang G (2021) Aberrant functional connectivity of basal forebrain subregions with cholinergic system in short-term and chronic insomnia disorder. J Affect Disord 278:481-487. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.103
Summary: Previous animal studies have identified the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) as a crucial structure in sleep-wake cycle modulation and lesion or inactivation of the BF has been found to increase delta electroencephalogram activity, disturb behavioral arousal, and reduce sleep. They reference Kaur et al. using 192-IgG-SAP to lesion the CBF to examine the role of these neurons in sleep behavior.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
From obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and non-pharmacological interventions
Lee TH, Yau SY (2021) From obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and non-pharmacological interventions. Int J Mol Sci 22(1):201. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010201
Summary: This review provides insights into how chronic metabolic disorders, like obesity, could impair brain health and cognitive functions in later life. The authors reference the use of CCK-SAP into the nodose ganglia to impair spatial memory and contextual episodic memory.
Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31)
Differential mechanisms are required for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections.
Borkowski LF, Nichols NL (2020) Differential mechanisms are required for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections. Exp Neurol 334:113460. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113460
Objective: To understand the mechanism responsible for this difference in magnitude of phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF)
Summary: pLTF in 7d CTB-SAP treated rats is elicited primarily through TrkB and PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanisms, whereas BDNF and MEK/ERK-dependent mechanisms induce pLTF in 28d CTB-SAP treated rats.
Usage: Rats received bilateral intrapleural injections of CTB-SAP; 25 μg dissolved in PBS.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration
Holloway Z, Koburov R, Hawkey A, Levin ED (2020) Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 199:173069. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173069
Summary: Drug-induced effects have been used to demonstrate the construct validity of operant attention tasks, as well as to assess the pharmacological systems that underlie cognitive processes, such as attention, short-term memory and reaction time, either by interrupting or enhancing performance.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Extracellular levels of the sleep homeostasis mediator, adenosine, are regulated by glutamatergic neurons during wakefulness and sleep
Sun MJ, Tang Y (2020) Extracellular levels of the sleep homeostasis mediator, adenosine, are regulated by glutamatergic neurons during wakefulness and sleep. Purinergic Signal 16(4):475-476. doi: 10.1007/s11302-020-09758-3
Summary: Blanco-Centurion et al. investigated the role of cholinergic neurons in the BF by administering 192–IgG–SAP to lesion them, but surprisingly the results indicated that adenosine from cholinergic neurons in BF are not essential to sleep induction.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Exercise is neuroprotective to motoneuron dendrites following partial motoneuron depletion via a mechanism dependent on androgen receptors at the target muscle
Chew C (2020) Exercise is neuroprotective to motoneuron dendrites following partial motoneuron depletion via a mechanism dependent on androgen receptors at the target muscle. Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci Thesis.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)