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From obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and non-pharmacological interventions
Lee TH, Yau SY (2021) From obesity to hippocampal neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and non-pharmacological interventions. Int J Mol Sci 22(1):201. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010201
Summary: This review provides insights into how chronic metabolic disorders, like obesity, could impair brain health and cognitive functions in later life. The authors reference the use of CCK-SAP into the nodose ganglia to impair spatial memory and contextual episodic memory.
Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31)
Differential mechanisms are required for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections.
Borkowski LF, Nichols NL (2020) Differential mechanisms are required for phrenic long-term facilitation over the course of motor neuron loss following CTB-SAP intrapleural injections. Exp Neurol 334:113460. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113460
Objective: To understand the mechanism responsible for this difference in magnitude of phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF)
Summary: pLTF in 7d CTB-SAP treated rats is elicited primarily through TrkB and PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanisms, whereas BDNF and MEK/ERK-dependent mechanisms induce pLTF in 28d CTB-SAP treated rats.
Usage: Rats received bilateral intrapleural injections of CTB-SAP; 25 μg dissolved in PBS.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration
Holloway Z, Koburov R, Hawkey A, Levin ED (2020) Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 199:173069. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173069
Summary: Drug-induced effects have been used to demonstrate the construct validity of operant attention tasks, as well as to assess the pharmacological systems that underlie cognitive processes, such as attention, short-term memory and reaction time, either by interrupting or enhancing performance.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Extracellular levels of the sleep homeostasis mediator, adenosine, are regulated by glutamatergic neurons during wakefulness and sleep
Sun MJ, Tang Y (2020) Extracellular levels of the sleep homeostasis mediator, adenosine, are regulated by glutamatergic neurons during wakefulness and sleep. Purinergic Signal 16(4):475-476. doi: 10.1007/s11302-020-09758-3
Summary: Blanco-Centurion et al. investigated the role of cholinergic neurons in the BF by administering 192–IgG–SAP to lesion them, but surprisingly the results indicated that adenosine from cholinergic neurons in BF are not essential to sleep induction.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Exercise is neuroprotective to motoneuron dendrites following partial motoneuron depletion via a mechanism dependent on androgen receptors at the target muscle
Chew C (2020) Exercise is neuroprotective to motoneuron dendrites following partial motoneuron depletion via a mechanism dependent on androgen receptors at the target muscle. Indiana Univ, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci Thesis.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Characterizing the neural substrate of reward with the use of specific brain lesions
Cromwell HC (2021) Characterizing the neural substrate of reward with the use of specific brain lesions. Fakhoury M (Ed.): The Brain Reward System. Neuromethods. 165. Humana, New York, NY doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1146-3_3
Summary: This review is focused on experimental lesions and work using the rodent model examining the neural substrates of reward processing. Saporin is listed as a neurotoxin used to target selective neuronal populations with success.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Depletion of C1 neurons attenuates the salt-induced hypertension in unanesthetized rats.
Ribeiro N, Martins Sá RW, Antunes VR (2020) Depletion of C1 neurons attenuates the salt-induced hypertension in unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 1748:147107. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147107
Objective: To determine if the ablation of C1 neurons mitigates high blood pressure induced by high-salt intake.
Summary: Data show that hypertension induced by high-salt intake is dependent on C1 neurons.
Usage: Bilateral injections of 2.4 ng/100 nl of Anti-DBH-SAP. The total number of TH+ neurons in the AS region was reduced by 37 ± 13% in the anti-DBH-SAP group when compared to control.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Structural and functional consequences of targeted hippocampal gaba neuron ablation by stable substance p-saporin in rats
Chun E (2020) Structural and functional consequences of targeted hippocampal gaba neuron ablation by stable substance p-saporin in rats. Morehouse School of Medicine Thesis.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)
Behavioral, neuromorphological, and neurobiochemical effects induced by omega-3 fatty acids following basal forebrain cholinergic depletion in aged mice
Cutuli D, Landolfo E, Nobili A, De Bartolo P, Sacchetti S, Chirico D, Marini F, Pieroni L, Ronci M, D’Amelio M, D’Amato FR, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Petrosini L (2020) Behavioral, neuromorphological, and neurobiochemical effects induced by omega-3 fatty acids following basal forebrain cholinergic depletion in aged mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 12(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s13195-020-00705-3 PMID: 33198763
Objective: To investigate the action of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on behavioral performances and hippocampal neurogenesis, volume, and astrogliosis in aged mice subjected to a selective depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.
Summary: The n-3 PUFA treatment regulated the anxiety alterations and reverted the novelty recognition memory impairment induced by the cholinergic depletion in aged mice. Moreover, n-3 PUFA preserved hippocampal volume, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and reduced astrogliosis in the hippocampus. Brain levels of n-3 PUFA were positively related to mnesic abilities.
Usage: Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of mu-p75-saporin in each lateral ventricle (total dosage: 0.6μg/mouse)
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Reversal of object recognition memory deficit in perirhinal cortex-lesioned rats and primates and in rodent models of aging and alzheimer’s diseases.
Masmudi-Martín M, Navarro-Lobato I, López-Aranda MF, Browning PGF, Simón A-M, López-Téllez JF, Jiménez-Recuerda I, Martîn-Montañez E, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Frechilla D, Baxter MG, Khan ZU (2020) Reversal of object recognition memory deficit in perirhinal cortex-lesioned rats and primates and in rodent models of aging and alzheimer’s diseases. Neuroscience 448:287-298. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.039
Objective: To determine if Object Recognition Memory (ORM) can be restored.
Summary: Memory-deficient rats were generated by induction of lesions to the perirhinal cortex (PRh) through an injection of OX7-SAP. Expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414) restored ORM in memory-deficient PRh-lesioned rats and nonhuman primates. This treatment was sufficient for full recovery of ORM in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.
Usage: Rats were injected with OX7-SAP (0.9 mg in 1ml) in the PRh of the brain.
Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)