targeted-toxins

Lam TT, Leranth C (2003) Role of the medial septum diagonal band of Broca cholinergic neurons in oestrogen-induced spine synapse formation on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells of female rats. Eur J Neurosci 17(10):1997-2005. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02637.x

Summary: Estrogen effects on the hippocampus are known to be mediated by subcortical structures. The authors examined the role that the medial septum diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) plays in this mediation. An injection of 0.5 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the right lateral ventricle of rats was used to specifically investigate the role of cholinergic MSDB neuron projections to the hippocampus, since many of these neurons express estrogen receptors. The data suggest that septo-hippocampal cholinergic neurons are involved in mediating estrogen effects on the hippocampus.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Lalonde R, Strazielle C (2003) The effects of cerebellar damage on maze learning in animals. Cerebellum 2(4):300-309. doi: 10.1080/14734220310017456

Summary: Traditionally the cerebellum has been associated with motor control, but recent work has suggested that it plays a role in cognitive functions such as spatial learning as well. This study discusses the effects of cerebellar mutations in mice, and OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) lesions in rats on water maze learning models. Results indicate that the cerebellum plays a role in working memory and the procedural aspect of maze learning, as well as being an important element of motor control.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Bizon JL, Han JS, Hudon C, Gallagher M (2003) Effects of hippocampal cholinergic deafferentation on learning strategy selection in a visible platform version of the water maze. Hippocampus 13(6):676-684. doi: 10.1002/hipo.10113 PMID: 12962313

Summary: To investigate the effect of depleted acetylcholine (Ach) levels in the hippocampus on learning strategies that are thought to utilize the hippocampus, the authors lesioned the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca in rats with two injections of 75 and 50 ng of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). The unexpected result was that a hippocampal place strategy was promoted in the absence of Ach.

Usage: Rats injected with 192-IgG-SAP at 0.506 ug/ul with total volume of 0.3 ul.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Bailey AM, Rudisill ML, Hoof EJ, Loving ML (2003) 192 IgG-saporin lesions to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM) disrupt acquisition of learning set formation. Brain Res 969(1-2):147-159. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02294-7

Summary: Previous studies by Bailey and others have used quisqualic acid to lesion the nucleus basalis (nBM) in order to understand Alzheimer’s disease. Injections of 75 ng of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) were made into each of four sites in the rat nBM. Behavioral tests showed initial learning set deficits followed by recovery, whereas with quisqualic acid lesions, the deficits were profound. The authors conclude noncholinergic neurons are involved in learning set formation.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Chiken S, Tokuno H (2003) Ablation of striatal interneurons influences activities of entopeduncular neurons. Neuroreport 14(5):675-678. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200304150-00003

Summary: To investigate the role of the basal ganglia in informational processing of voluntary movement, the authors used SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) to lesion SP receptor-expressing neurons in the striatum. A 0.5 µl injection of 40 ng/µl SP-SAP into the dorsolateral portion of the striatum decreased the spontaneous discharge of entopeduncular neurons. These data indicate that SP receptor-positive striatal interneurons indirectly regulate activity of basal ganglia output neurons.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Hilgert M, Hartmann J, Loffelholz K, Jeltsch H, Cassel JC, Klein J (2003) Effects of septal grafts on acetylcholine release from rat hippocampus after 192 IgG-saporin lesion. Neurochem Res 28(3-4):467-472. doi: 10.1023/a:1022852819018

Summary: A model for transplantation efficacy was created using injections of 400 ng each into the vertical limb of the rat diagonal band of Broca and the medial septum for the specific removal of cholinergic neurons. Thirteen months after lesioning, sham-operated animals had measured acetylcholine release at 20% of control. 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01)-lesioned animals were transplanted with fetal septal cells 15 days after lesioning. Thirteen months later, their septal level of acetylcholine release was near normal (71%) of controls. A serotonin uptake inhibitor briefly stimulated acetylcholine release similar to sham control animals.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Lappi DA (2003) Featured Article: Biotinylated targeting: A viable option?. Targeting Trends 4(2)

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Jasmin L, Boudah A, Ohara PT (2003) Long-term effects of decreased noradrenergic central nervous system innervation on pain behavior and opioid antinociception. J Comp Neurol 460(1):38-55. doi: 10.1002/cne.10633

Summary: Noradrenaline (NA) is an essential element of the endogenous pain inhibitory system. The authors injected 5 µg of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into either the cerebral ventricles or lumbosacral cistern of rats to investigate whether a permanent reduction of noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord leads to a chronic decreased nociceptive threshold. Although treated animals were less responsive to the antinociceptive effects of morphine, the results suggest that NA makes only a modest contribution to the nociceptive threshold.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Ritter S, Watts AG, Dinh TT, Sanchez-Watts G, Pedrow C (2003) Immunotoxin lesion of hypothalamically projecting norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons differentially affects circadian and stressor-stimulated corticosterone secretion. Endocrinology 144(4):1357-1367. doi: 10.1210/en.2002-221076

Summary: Hindbrain norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurons are important in the distribution of internal sensory signals. Injecting 42 ng of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus, the authors were able to specifically destroy NE and E neurons. This study revealed the contribution of NE/E afferents to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activation during stress and confirmed that NE and E neurons are required for specific stress responses.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Feldman JL, Mitchell GS, Nattie EE (2003) Breathing: Rhythmicity, Plasticity, Chemosensitivity. Annu Rev Neurosci 26:239-266. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131103

Summary: Recent research has indicated that specific areas of the brain exert control over several aspects of breathing, such as rhythm generation, reaction to hypoxia, and regulation of carbon dioxide levels and pH. This review covers many of the latest advances, some of which utilize SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) and anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23). The use of these targeted toxins allows altered breathing behavior through elimination of very specific cell populations.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23)