saporin

Komatsu N, Komatsu M, Ohashi R, Horii A, Hoshi K, Takato T, Abe T, Hamakubo T (2020) Photosensitizer with illumination enhances in vivo antitumor effect of anti-robo1 immunotoxin on maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res 40(7):3792-3799. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14368 PMID: 32620618

Objective: To focus on the axon guidance receptor roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) as a target for monoclonal antibody therapy of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Summary: Pronounced anti-tumor effects were elicited by the administration of saporin-conjugated anti-Robo1 immunotoxin (IT-Robo1) and AlPcS2a with light illumination on tumor size and pathological characteristics. The results showed that photosensitizer treatment with illumination robustly enhanced the anti tumor effect of the IT-Robo1 immunotoxin.

Usage: IT-ROBO1 (16ug) was intraperitoneally administered to HSQ-89 xenografted mice.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Hoffmann RM, Mele S, Cheung A, Larcombe-Young D, Bucaite G, Sachouli E, Zlatareva I, Morad HOJ, Marlow R, McDonnell JM, Figini M, Lacy KE, Tutt AJN, Spicer JF, Thurston DE, Karagiannis SN, Crescioli S (2020) Rapid conjugation of antibodies to toxins to select candidates for the development of anticancer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Sci Rep 10(1):8869. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65860-x PMID: 32483228

Objective: To facilitate rapid and cost-effective screening of antibody and toxin combinations for activity and safety, based on streptavidin-biotin conjugation

Summary: For antibody selection, the authors evaluated internalization by target cells using streptavidin-linked antibodies conjugated to biotinylated saporin, a toxin unable to cross cell membranes. For payload selection, the authors biotinylated toxins and conjugated them to antibodies linked to streptavidin to evaluate antitumour activity and pre-clinical safety.

Usage: Streptavidin-linked antibody was incubated for 30min with biotinylated Saporin (BT-ZAP) at a molar ratio of 1:6.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), MonoBiotin-ZAP (Cat. #BT-ZAP)

Wensley HJ, Johnston DA, Smith WS, Holmes SE, Flavell SU, Flavell DJ (2019) A flow cytometric method to quantify the endosomal escape of a protein toxin to the cytosol of target cells. Pharm Res 37(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s11095-019-2725-1 PMID: 31873810

He X, Long Q, Zeng Z, Yang L, Tang Y, Feng X (2019) Simple and efficient targeted intracellular protein delivery with self-assembled nanovehicles for effective cancer therapy. Adv Funct Mater 29(50):1906187. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201906187

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Jenrette TA, Logue JB, Horner KA (2019) Lesions of the patch compartment of dorsolateral striatum disrupt stimulus-response learning. Neuroscience 415:161-172. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.033

Objective: To investigate whether enhanced activation of the patch compartment contributes to habitual behavior.

Summary: The dorsolateral patch compartment may mediate habit formation by altering information flow through basal ganglia circuits.

Usage: A volume of 2 ul of Dermorphin-SAP (17 ng/ul or an equivalent amount of unconjugated SAP (as a control) was infused bilaterally, at a rate of 0.5 ul/min.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Chaskiel L, Bristow AD, Bluthé RM, Dantzer R, Blomqvist A, Konsman JP (2019) Interleukin-1 reduces food intake and body weight in rat by acting in the arcuate hypothalamus. Brain Behav Immun 81:560-573. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.017

Summary: The authors tested the hypothesis that IL-1R1 expressing cells in the ARH mediate IL-1β and/or LPS-induced hypophagia in the rat.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates, Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Pinto LG, Souza GR, Kusuda R, Lopes AH, Sant’Anna MB, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, Cunha TM (2019) Non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons are essential for mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity in mice. Mol Neurobiol 56(8):5715-5728. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-1494-5

Objective: To determine the role of non-peptidergic nociceptors in mediating mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity in mice.

Summary: rIB4-SAP oblates non-peptidergic neurons as displayed by the decrease of purinoceptor 3. The depletion of these neurons inhibited the mechanical inflammatory sensitivity induced by GDMF and carrageenan, but not by other expected factors such as nerve growth factor implying the role of this subset of neurons to be one of mediation as opposed to direct nociception.

Usage: IB4-SAP (0.16–3.2 μg/5 μl, i.t.), unconjugated Saporin (as control, 1.8 μg/5 μl, i.t.), or saline (vehicle, 5 μl/i.t.) were injected into the subarachnoid space on the midline between the L5 and L6 vertebrae.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Plum T (2019) Identification of lineage-specific markers for therapeutic targeting of mast cells. Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Germany Thesis. doi: 10.11588/heidok.00023555

Usage: Mice were injected i.v. with either 100 µg of 1:1 molar mixture of biotinylated CD63 antibody and Streptavidin-ZAP (60 µg mAb + 40 µg SAP) or with 40 µg SAP alone. All injections were performed in 200 µl PBS.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Anti-CD63-SAP (Cat. #IT-99)

Saika F, Kiguchi N, Matsuzaki S, Kobayashi D, Kishioka S (2019) Inflammatory macrophages in the sciatic nerves facilitate neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 368(3):535-544. doi: 10.1124/jpet.118.252668

Objective: To determine whether inflammatory macrophages contribute to neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes-mellitus (T2DM).

Summary: Inhibitory agents for macrophage-driven neuroinflammation could be potential candidates for novel pharmacotherapy against intractable neuropathic pain.

Usage: Injections of Mac-1-SAP or unconjugated Saporin (10 μl) were administered 3 times every 2 days. Perineural administration of Mac-1-SAP improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mechanical allodynia and the accumulation of F4/80+ macrophages and the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the SCN after HFD-feeding.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Mousseau M, Burma NE, Lee KY, Leduc-Pessah H, Kwok CHT, Reid AR, O’Brien M, Sagalajev B, Stratton JA, Patrick N, Stemkowski PL, Biernaskie J, Zamponi GW, Salo P, McDougall JJ, Prescott SA, Matyas JR, Trang T (2018) Microglial pannexin-1 channel activation is a spinal determinant of joint pain. Sci Adv 4:1-12. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9846

Objective: To identify therapeutic targets for alleviating mechnical allodynia, a sign/symptom of arthritis.

Summary: The pannexin-1 (Panx1) channel is validated as a target; blockade of P2X7 receptors or ablation of spinal microglia prevented and reversed mechanical allodynia.

Usage: Mac-1-SAP and unconjugated Saporin (15 mg per intrathecal injection on days 0, 1, and 2). The specific depletion of spinal lumbar microglia attenuated the development of MIA-induced hypersensitivity indicating that spinal microglia causally contribute to the development of mechanical allodynia. By contrast, intrathecal injection of Control (unconjugated Saporin) did not alter the development of MIA-induced mechanical allodynia.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)