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Spinal noradrenergic activation mediates allodynia reduction from an allosteric adenosine modulator in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Li X, Conklin D, Ma W, Zhu X, Eisenach JC (2002) Spinal noradrenergic activation mediates allodynia reduction from an allosteric adenosine modulator in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pain 97:117-125. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00011-8
Summary: T62 is a thiobene compound that enhances adenosine agonist binding to the A1 receptor. Activation of the adenosine receptor has been effective in several different pain models. The authors used a spinal nerve ligation model for mechanical allodynia to assess T62 efficacy and mode of action. Rats treated with anti-DBH-SAP (4 µg in 5 µl, Cat. #IT-03) experienced no anti-allodynia effects from T62 administration, indicating that modulation of mechanical allodynia by T62 utilizes the spinal noradrenergic system.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Selective immunolesions of CH4 cholinergic neurons do not disrupt spatial memory in rats.
Galani R, Lehmann O, Bolmont T, Aloy E, Bertrand F, Lazarus C, Jeltsch H, Cassel JC (2002) Selective immunolesions of CH4 cholinergic neurons do not disrupt spatial memory in rats. Physiol Behav 76:75-90. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00674-1
Summary: Lesioning of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has produced varied cognitive effects in numerous studies. The authors of this work suggest that several factors such as lesion procedure and the type of behavioral test used may cause these variations. Thirty-one rats were lesioned using 0.2 or 0.4 µg of 192-Saporin infused into the NBM, and locomotor activity, learning, and memory capabilities were tested using several test methods. Spatial memory appeared to remain intact, but evidence suggests that attentional processing is affected by NBM lesioning with 192-Saporin.
Usage: Rat NBM was lesioned using 0.2 or 0.4 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01).
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Depressor and tachypneic responses to chemical stimulation of the ventral respiratory group are reduced by ablation of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons.
Wang H, Germanson TP, Guyenet PG (2002) Depressor and tachypneic responses to chemical stimulation of the ventral respiratory group are reduced by ablation of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons. J Neurosci 22(9):3755-3764. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03755.2002
Summary: The pre-Bötzinger complex is a region of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) in the brain. Injection of excitatory amino acids into this region can cause a variety of responses such as rapid breathing, hypotension, and elevated arterial pressure. The authors used SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) to eliminate the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1r) positive neurons in the VRG to determine their role in control of respiration and arterial pressure. Intraparenchymal injection of 0.313 ng/50 nl SSP-SAP produced several abnormal respiratory effects in rats treated with excitatory amino acids. The results indicate that NK-1r positive neurons in the ventrolateral medulla play an important role in respiratory rhythm and blood pressure.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)
Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene regulation by exercise and the medial septum.
Berchtold NC, Kesslak JP, Cotman CW (2002) Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene regulation by exercise and the medial septum. J Neurosci Res 68(5):511-521. doi: 10.1002/jnr.10256
Summary: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhances neuron function and plasticity. The authors lesioned rats with medial septal injections of 192-Saporin (Cat #IT-01, 375 ng in 0.5 µl PBS) or OX7-SAP (Cat #IT-02, 12.5 or 25 ng in 0.5 µl PBS). 192-Saporin affected the sedentary, but not exercise-induced levels of BDNF. OX7-SAP reduced levels in both groups in a dose-dependent manner.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)
Selective lesions of rabbit extraocular muscles injected with the anti-AChR immunotoxin saporin-mAb 73
Campos EC, Schiavi C, Bolognesi A, Bellusci C, Lubelli C, Duca A, Polito L, Poulas K, Tzartos SJ, Stirpe F (2002) Selective lesions of rabbit extraocular muscles injected with the anti-AChR immunotoxin saporin-mAb 73. Curr Eye Res 24(1):58-65. doi: 10.1076/ceyr.24.1.58.5430 PMID: 12187496
Objective: Investigating the efficacy of saporin-based immunotoxins in modeling of eye and facial muscle disorders.
Summary: Saporin was conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb 73) against acetylcholine receptors of skeletal muscle. The immunotoxin was created as an alternative to botulinum toxin to induce ocular and facial motility disorders. The Saporin-mAb 73 injections into the extraocular muscles of rabbits caused focal damage to the muscles without inflammation at 14 days post-surgery.
Usage: New Zealand White Rabbits were treated with a single injection of an antibody coupled with Mab-ZAP (IT-04) directly into the medial rectus muscle of one eye at a dose of 2, 5, 20, or 50 ng.
Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)
Featured Article: HCRT-SAP lesion produces sleepiness while anti-DBH-SAP lesion does not
Blanco-Centurion C (2002) Featured Article: HCRT-SAP lesion produces sleepiness while anti-DBH-SAP lesion does not. Targeting Trends 3(2)
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.
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Impairments in negative patterning, but not simple discrimination learning, in rats with 192 IgG-Saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis.
Butt AE, Noble MM, Rogers JL, Rea TE (2002) Impairments in negative patterning, but not simple discrimination learning, in rats with 192 IgG-Saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Behav Neurosci 116(2):241-255. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.116.2.241
Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) administration to the basal forebrain has frequently been used in rats to create a model for Alzheimer’s disease. The authors used 0.2 µl bilateral injections of 0.4 µg/µl 192-SAP into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). Previous studies using non-specific excitotoxic agents have suggested the involvement of the NBM in learning and memory. The authors confirm more recent findings that indicate some of the deficits produced by these excitotoxins are due to the non-specific lesioning caused by these agents. The highly selective cholinergic lesioning produced by 192-Saporin left simple association learning intact but impaired more complicated configural association processes.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Transverse patterning reveals a dissociation of simple and configural association learning abilities in rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis.
Butt AE, Bowman TD (2002) Transverse patterning reveals a dissociation of simple and configural association learning abilities in rats with 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Neurobiol Learn Mem 77:211-233. doi: 10.1006/nlme.2001.4013
Summary: Using 80 ng bilateral infusions of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into each of the medial and lateral target sites of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats, the authors demonstrate that lesioning the cholinergic systems of the NBM impairs a more complicated learning technique, while leaving simple association learning intact. The results also show that the transition between these two learning strategies is impaired in lesioned animals.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Facilitation of dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in adult rats following cholinergic denervation.
Mattsson A, Ögren SO, Olson L (2002) Facilitation of dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in adult rats following cholinergic denervation. Exp Neurol 174:96-108. doi: 10.1006/exnr.2001.7850
Summary: Using 80 ng bilateral infusions of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into each of the medial and lateral target sites of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats, the authors demonstrate that lesioning the cholinergic systems of the NBM impairs a more complicated learning technique, while leaving simple association learning intact. The results also show that the transition between these two learning strategies is impaired in lesioned animals.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Selective behavioral and neurochemical effects of cholinergic lesions produced by intrabasalis infusions of 192 IgG-saporin on attentional performance in a five-choice serial reaction time task.
McGaughy J, Dalley JW, Morrison CH, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (2002) Selective behavioral and neurochemical effects of cholinergic lesions produced by intrabasalis infusions of 192 IgG-saporin on attentional performance in a five-choice serial reaction time task. J Neurosci 22(5):1905-1913. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01905.2002
Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has been a very useful tool in determining the role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in arousal and attention tasks. The authors lesioned the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of rats with an infusion of 0.5 µl per hemisphere of 0.15 µg/µl or 0.45 µg/µl 192-Saporin. The data show a correlation between the extent of the lesion and the amount of impairment in an attentional task. The authors also found that the accuracy deficits in the task could be ameliorated by lengthening the stimulus time, or exacerbated by increasing the event rate. Taken together the data indicate a direct relationship between basal forebrain damage and impaired attentional function.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)