References

Madden CJ, Stocker SD, Sved AF (2006) Attenuation of homeostatic responses to hypotension and glucoprivation after destruction of catecholaminergic rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) neurons. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291(3):R751-R759. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00800.2005

Summary: C1 neurons in the RVLM express dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) was used to eliminate these neurons and examine cardiovascular homeostasis in response to a physiological challenge such as hypotension. 21 ng of anti-DBH-SAP was injected into the RVLM of rats. After food and water had been removed from the cage, the lesioned animals were treated with hydralazine to reduce blood pressure. The results demonstrate that RVLM-C1 cells are involved in responses to homeostatic challenges.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Fitz NF, Gibbs RB, Johnson DA (2006) Aversive stimulus attenuates impairment of acquisition in a delayed match to position T-maze task caused by a selective lesion of septo-hippocampal cholinergic projections. Brain Res Bull 69(6):660-665. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.03.011

Summary: It is known that infusion of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the medial septum of rats impairs acquisition of a delayed matching to position (DMP) T-maze task. Here, the authors evaluated whether introduction of an aversive stimulus 30 minutes prior to training would attenuate this deficit. Treated rats received 0.22 µg of 192-IgG-SAP injected into the medial septum. Data indicate that treated rats receiving an intraperitoneal injection of saline 30 minutes prior to training displayed less impairment than rats not receiving the aversive stimulus.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Li AJ, Wang Q, Ritter S (2006) Differential responsiveness of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene expression to glucoprivation in different catecholamine cell groups. Endocrinology 147(7):3428-3434. doi: 10.1210/en.2006-0235

Summary: This work examines how subpopulations of hindbrain catecholaminergic neurons participate in systemic glucoregulation. Rats were treated with bilateral 42 ng infusions of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) expression in glucoprivic animals was then analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The data demonstrate that the ventrolateral medulla contains most of the catecholamine neurons responsive to glucoprivation.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Knox D, Berntson GG (2006) Effect of nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic lesions on fear-like and anxiety-like behavior. Behav Neurosci 120(2):307-312. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.2.307

Summary: Neurons in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and substantia innominata (NBM/SI) may play a role in mediating some aspects of aversive states. The authors used 0.1 µg injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the NBM/SI of rats to investigate the role these neurons play in elevated maze behavior and fear-conditioned behavioral suppression. The lesions did not affect the elevated maze behavior, but behavioral suppression was attenuated. The results indicate that NBM/SI cholinergic neurons are involved in the mediation of anxiety-like states.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Wiley RG (2006) Featured Article: Targeted toxins in pain. Targeting Trends 7(2)

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12),

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Moshnikova A, Frye J, Shay JW, Minna JD, Khokhlatchev AV (2006) The growth and tumor suppressor NORE1A is a cytoskeletal protein that suppresses growth by inhibition of the ERK pathway. J Biol Chem 281(12):8143-8152. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M511837200 PMID: 16421102

Related Products: Antibody to NORE1A (10F10-C6-C6) (Cat. #AB-V56)

Nolan BC, Freeman JH (2006) Purkinje cell loss by OX7-saporin impairs acquisition and extinction of eyeblink conditioning. Learn Mem 13(3):359-365. doi: 10.1101/lm.168506

Summary: Adaptive adjustments to movements depend on cerebellar learning. This work examines the effect of a global depletion of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex on delay eyeblink conditioning in rats. 15 µg of OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) was infused into the left lateral ventricle 2 weeks prior to training. Purkinje cell loss in the anterior lobe and lobule HVI correlated with impaired acquisition and extinction of delay eyeblink conditioning, indicating an important role for these cells.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Frielingsdorf H, Thal LJ, Pizzo DP (2006) The septohippocampal cholinergic system and spatial working memory in the Morris water maze. Behav Brain Res 168(1):37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.10.008

Summary: The authors examined whether an optimized Morris water maze test could reveal the role of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in spatial working memory. Rats were treated with bilateral 75-ng injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) followed by acquisition of the water maze task, and two independent phases of working memory testing. Test optimization was followed by icv infusion of nerve growth factor in unlesioned animals. The data demonstrate that working memory impairments cannot be revealed by the Morris water maze test.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Parikh V, Sarter M (2006) Cortical choline transporter function measured in vivo using choline-sensitive microelectrodes: clearance of endogenous and exogenous choline and effects of removal of cholinergic terminals. J Neurochem 97(2):488-503. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03766.x

Summary: A major projection of brain attention systems passes through the cholinergic portion of the cortical mantle. The authors investigated the role of high-affinity choline transporters (CHT) in the clearance of exogenous choline, as well as choline from newly released acetylcholine. 0.085 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) was injected into each hemisphere of the basal forebrain of rats (mouse IgG-SAP, Cat. #IT-18, was used as a control). The results demonstrate that no matter the source, increases in choline concentrations are cleared by CHT’s.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Weyergang A, Selbo PK, Berg K (2006) Photochemically stimulated drug delivery increases the cytotoxicity and specificity of EGF-saporin. J Control Release 111(1-2):165-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.12.002

Summary: In this study the authors investigated the use of photosensitizers located in endocytic vesicles that can be induced to release macromolecules upon activation by light. This process is called photochemical internalization, or PCI. Biotinylated EGF was combined with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), and the compound was applied to various cell lines. The data shows that PCI increases the toxicity of EGF-saporin significantly in EGF receptor-expressing cell lines.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)