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Synaptic circuits for irradiance coding by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
Sabbah S, Papendorp C, Koplas E, Beltoja M, Etebari C, Gunesch AN, Carrete L, Kim MT, Manoff G, Bhatia-Lin A, Zhao T, Schreck D, Dowling H, Briggman KL, Berson DM (2018) Synaptic circuits for irradiance coding by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. bioRxiv 442954. doi: 10.1101/442954
Objective: To explore the synaptic networks responsible for the unique capacity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to encode overall light intensity. This luminance signal is crucial for circadian, pupillary and related reflexive responses light.
Summary: Most ipRGCs sample from all bipolar terminals costratifying with their dendrites, but M1 cells avoid all OFF bipolar input and accept only ectopic ribbon synapses from ON cone bipolar axonal shafts. These monad synapses are equipped with as many as a dozen ribbons and only one postsynaptic process.
Usage: Immunohistochemistry of retina – after recording, retinas were fixed and counterstained with rabbit anti-melanopsin (1:1000) to enhance the fluorescence of the GFP-based GCaMP6f indicator.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (mGluR2) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N32)
Molecular diversity of intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells
Berg D, Kartheiser K, Leyrer M, Saali A, Berson D (2018) Molecular diversity of intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells. bioRxiv 381004. doi: 10.1101/381004
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Intersectional strategies for targeting amacrine and ganglion cell types in the mouse retina
Jo A, Xu J, Deniz S, Cherian S, DeVries SH, Zhu Y (2018) Intersectional strategies for targeting amacrine and ganglion cell types in the mouse retina. Front Neural Circuits 12:66. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00066 PMID: 30186122
Objective: To obtain unambiguous information about retinal processing.
Summary: Results establish a foundation for future application of intersectional strategies in the retina and retino-recipient regions.
Usage: Immunohistochemistry 1:1000.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Retina-specific loss of Ikbkap/Elp1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to selective retinal ganglion cell degeneration in a mouse model of familial dysautonomia
Ueki Y, Shchepetkina V, Lefcort F (2018) Retina-specific loss of Ikbkap/Elp1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to selective retinal ganglion cell degeneration in a mouse model of familial dysautonomia. Dis Model Mech 11(7):dmm033746. doi: 10.1242/dmm.033746 PMID: 29929962
Objective: To determine the pathophysiological mechanisms that are triggered by the absence of IKAP (inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex-associated protein) in the retina.
Summary: The loss of IKAP caused progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by 1 month of age. There was no loss of melanopsin+ intrinsically photosensitive RGCs at 18 months. RGCs were the only cell type that degenerated, with the survival of other retinal neurons unaffected.
Usage: Immunohistochemistry (IHC), RGC Counts, and H&E staining – Anti-melanopsin (1:5000).
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Survival of melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells long term after optic nerve trauma in mice
Sánchez-Migallón MC, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Nadal-Nicolás FM, Di Pierdomenico J, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M (2018) Survival of melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells long term after optic nerve trauma in mice. Exp Eye Res 174:93-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.029 PMID: 29856984
Summary: Melanopsin-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not respond to axotomy in the same way than the rest of RGCs, and so while image-forming RGCs die in two exponential phases, non-image forming RGCs die only during the first quick phase.
Usage: Retinas were dissected as flat mounts and double-immunostained against melanopsin (1:5000).
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Differential roles for cryptochromes in the mammalian retinal clock
Wong JCY, Smyllie NJ, Banks GT, Pothecary CA, Barnard AR, Maywood ES, Jagannath A, Hughes S, van der Horst GTJ, MacLaren RE, Hankins MW, Hastings MH, Nolan PM, Foster RG, Peirson SN (2018) Differential roles for cryptochromes in the mammalian retinal clock. FASEB J 32:4302-4314. doi: 10.1096/fj.201701165RR PMID: 29561690
Objective: To determine roles of cryptochromes (CRY) in the retinal clock.
Summary: Data suggest that CRY1 is an essential component of the mammalian retinal clock, whereas CRY2 has a more limited role.
Usage: Immunohistochemistry 1:2500.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Combinatorial effects of alpha- and gamma-protocadherins on neuronal survival and dendritic self-avoidance
Ing-Esteves S, Kostadinov D, Marocha J, Sing AD, Joseph KS, Laboulaye MA, Sanes JR, Lefebvre JL (2018) Combinatorial effects of alpha- and gamma-protocadherins on neuronal survival and dendritic self-avoidance. J Neurosci 38:2713-2729. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3035-17.2018 PMID: 29439167
Objective: The clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) comprise 58 cadherin-related proteins encoded by three tandemly arrayed gene clusters, Pcdh- , Pcdh- , and Pcdh- (Pcdha, Pcdhb, and Pcdhg, respectively). This study sought to determine roles of Pcdhas and Pcdhgs in the retina and cerebellum from mice (both sexes) lacking one or both clusters.
Summary: Study examined two regions of the CNS, the retina and cerebellum and showed that the 14 -Pcdhs and 22 -Pcdhs act synergistically to mediate neuronal survival and dendrite patterning. In retina, Pcdhgs are essential for survival of inner retinal neurons and dendritic self-avoidance of starburst amacrine cells, whereas Pcdhas are dispensable for both processes.
Usage: Anti-Melanopsin (1:5000) used to quantify two mutually exclusive RGC cell types, the Brn3a RGCs and the melanopsin-positive intrinsically photo- sensitive RGCs (Mel ipRGCs).
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
The M5 cell: A color-opponent intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
Stabio ME, Sabbah S, Quattrochi LE, Ilardi MC, Fogerson PM, Leyrer ML, Kim MT, Kim I, Schiel M, Renna JM, Briggman KL, Berson DM (2018) The M5 cell: A color-opponent intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell. Neuron 97:150-163. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.030 PMID: 29249284
Objective: To provide a fuller description of the least understood ipRGC type, the M5 cell, and discovered a distinctive functional characteristic— chromatic opponency (ultraviolet excitatory, green inhibitory).
Summary: M5 cells send axons to the dLGN and are thus positioned to provide chromatic signals to visual cortex. These findings under- score that melanopsin’s influence extends beyond unconscious reflex functions to encompass cortical vision, perhaps including the perception of color.
Usage: M5 cells have the weakest melanopsin responses of all known ipRGC types. The intrinsic melanopsin response (~10 pA) in M5 cells is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the extrinsic, synaptically mediated response.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
3D visualization of individual regenerating retinal ganglion cell axons reveals surprisingly complex growth paths
Bray ER, Noga M, Thakor K, Wang Y, Lemmon VP, Park KK, Tsoulfas P (2017) 3D visualization of individual regenerating retinal ganglion cell axons reveals surprisingly complex growth paths. eNeuro 4:ENEURO.0093-0017.2017. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0093-17.2017 PMID: 28856242
Summary: “Our study demonstrates extensive and circuitous RGC axon elongation both in pre- and post-lesion regions, highlighting the need to better understand the factors that inhibit direct axon growth in the optic nerve.”
Usage: Immunohistochemistry: Rabbit-anti-melanopsin (OPN4; UF006) 1:2500 (Cat. #AB-N38)
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
A retinoraphe projection regulates serotonergic activity and looming-evoked defensive behaviour.
Huang L, Yuan T, Tan M, Xi Y, Hu Y, Tao Q, Zhao Z, Zheng J, Han Y, Xu F, Luo M, Sollars P, Pu M, Pickard G, So K, Ren C (2017) A retinoraphe projection regulates serotonergic activity and looming-evoked defensive behaviour. Nat Commun 8:14908. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14908 PMID: 28361990
Objective: To investigate how the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and superior colliculus work in concert to extract and translate visual threats into defensive behavioural responses.
Summary: A dedicated population of RGCs signals rapidly approaching visual threats and their input to the DRN controls a serotonergic self-gating mechanism that regulates innate defensive responses.
Usage: Mice received bilateral intraocular injection (2 μg per eye) made between Streptavidin-Saporin and a biotinylated CTB antibody, or Anti-Melanopsin-SAP (2 μg per eye). For detection of melanopsin, retinas were incubated for 3 days at 4 °C with anti-melanopsin (1:600).
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Melanopsin-SAP (Cat. #IT-44), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)