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The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A(5) noradrenergic cell group.
Marques-Lopes J, Pinho D, Albino-Teixeira A, Tavares I (2010) The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A(5) noradrenergic cell group. Brain Res 1325:41-52. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.043
Summary: Injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) has been shown to induce angiotensin type 1 receptor-mediated hyperalgesia. Here the authors lesioned the pontine A5 cell group with anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) to evaluate the role of these neurons in this model. Rats received a 1.1 µg injection of anti-DBH-SAP into the CVLM. Behavioral responses indicate that loss of noradrenergic neurons in the CVLM partially prevented angiotensin II-induced hyperalgesia.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Cardiovascular and behavioural responses to conditioned fear and restraint are not affected by retrograde lesions of A5 and C1 bulbospinal neurons.
Vianna DM, Carrive P (2010) Cardiovascular and behavioural responses to conditioned fear and restraint are not affected by retrograde lesions of A5 and C1 bulbospinal neurons. Neuroscience 166:1210-1218. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.039
Summary: To investigate the role of A5 neurons in some forms of psychological stress the authors injected 22 or 44 ng of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the spinal cord of rats. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The data shows that A5 presympathetic neurons are not essential for the expression of the tachycardic and pressor responses to conditioned fear and restraint.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)
Arcuate nucleus destruction does not block food deprivation-induced increases in food foraging and hoarding.
Dailey MJ, Bartness TJ (2010) Arcuate nucleus destruction does not block food deprivation-induced increases in food foraging and hoarding. Brain Res 1323:94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.078
Summary: While some aspects of food intake are understood, mechanisms controlling hoarding of food have not been identified. This work investigates the role of NPY in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) in hoarding. Siberian hamsters received 48 ng injections of NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28) into the Arc; blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. In lesioned animals food deprivation-induced hoarding was increased 100%, but baseline foraging and food hoarding was unchanged.
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Featured Article: Depletion of syndecan-4+ T lymphocytes by saporin-conjugated DC-HIL alleviates T cell-mediated imflammatory disease
Ariizumi K, Akiyoshi H, Chung JS, Tomiharu M, Cruz Jr PD (2010) Featured Article: Depletion of syndecan-4+ T lymphocytes by saporin-conjugated DC-HIL alleviates T cell-mediated imflammatory disease. Targeting Trends 11(2)
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)
Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.
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Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporin.
Gulino R, Perciavalle V, Gulisano M (2010) Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporin. Eur J Neurosci 31(8):1423-1434. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07170.x
Summary: Sonic hedgehog, Notch-1, and Numb are proteins known to be involved in the function of stem cells. Understanding of how they might work in adults may provide methods to improve recovery from spinal cord injury. In this work the authors injected 3 µg of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Analysis of protein levels following motoneuron depletion gives some insight into the molecular framework of nerve injury.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Synaptic plasticity and pain: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Larsson M, Broman J (2011) Synaptic plasticity and pain: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Neuroscientist 17(3):256-73. doi: 10.1177/1073858409349913
Summary: This review discusses the role of glutaminergic sensory synapses in pain hypersensitivity caused by tissue or nerve injury. The focus is on the roles of ionotrophic glutamate receptors, and how they are involved in dorsal horn synaptic plasticity. The role of substance P in such mechanisms is briefly discussed, as elucidated by the use of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07).
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Depleting syndecan-4+ T lymphocytes using toxin-bearing dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand: A new opportunity for treating activated T cell-driven disease.
Akiyoshi H, Chung JS, Tomihari M, Cruz PD, Jr., Ariizumi K (2010) Depleting syndecan-4+ T lymphocytes using toxin-bearing dendritic cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand: A new opportunity for treating activated T cell-driven disease. J Immunol 184:3554-3561. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903250
Summary: The dendritic cell-associated heparin sulfate proteoglycan-dependent integrin ligand (DC-HIL) exclusively associates with syndecan-4 (SD-4), which is expressed on some activated T cells. The authors biotinylated DC-HIL and combined it with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27). This complex was then applied to resting or activated T cells in culture at a concentration of 10 µg/ml. Only activated T cells were bound and eliminated.
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)
Does age matter? Behavioral and neuro-anatomical effects of neonatal and adult basal forebrain cholinergic lesions.
De Bartolo P, Cutuli D, Ricceri L, Gelfo F, Foti F, Laricchiuta D, Scattoni ML, Calamandrei G, Petrosini L (2010) Does age matter? Behavioral and neuro-anatomical effects of neonatal and adult basal forebrain cholinergic lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 20:207-227. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1355 PMID: 20164586
Summary: The authors characterized the differences caused by age on the effect of cholinergic lesions of the basal forebrain. Seven-day-old rats received 210 ng bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). Eighty-day-old rats received 4 µg bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SP. Both experimental groups displayed similar behavior, indicating that development of a depleted cholinergic system yields similar results to cholinergic dysfunction in adulthood.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice.
Nag N, Baxter MG, Berger-Sweeney JE (2009) Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice. Neurosci Lett 452:247-251. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.01.006
Summary: The authors tested a new version of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) in mice. Mice received bilateral injections of 0.65 or 1.3 µg of immunotoxin into each lateral ventricle. Both amounts produced a complete loss of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum, while a dose-dependent loss of cholinergic neurons was seen in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
A novel approach to preventing the hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: both complement-mediated cytolysis and C3 deposition are blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the alternative pathway of complement
Lindorfer MA, Pawluczkowycz AW, Peek EM, Hickman K, Taylor RP, Parker CJ (2010) A novel approach to preventing the hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: both complement-mediated cytolysis and C3 deposition are blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the alternative pathway of complement. Blood 115(11):2283-2291. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-244285 PMID: 20068220
Related Products: Antibody to Complement C3 (7C12) (Cat. #AB-V84)