References

Lyu MA, Rai D, Ahn KS, Sung B, Cheung LH, Marks JW, Aggarwal BB, Aguiar RC, Gandhi V, Rosenblum MG (2010) The rGel/BLyS fusion toxin inhibits diffuse large B-cell lymphoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia 12(5):366-375. doi: 10.1593/neo.91960

Hummel M, Cummons T, Lu P, Mark L, Harrison JE, Kennedy JD, Whiteside GT (2010) Pain is a salient “stressor” that is mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptors. Neuropharmacology 59(3):160-166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.05.001

Summary: Given that corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in the response to stress, the authors investigated the role CRF-1 receptors may play in the perception of pain. Both rats and mice received 10µl intrathecal injections of 10 µM CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13) following a spinal nerve ligation. Administration of CRF-SAP attenuated tactile hypersensitivity, indicating that CRF-1 receptors are involved in pain perception.

Related Products: CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13)

Emanuel AJ, Ritter S (2010) Hindbrain catecholamine neurons modulate the growth hormone but not the feeding response to ghrelin. Endocrinology 151(7):3237-3246. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-0219

Summary: In this work the authors investigated the role of hindbrain catecholamine neurons in the response to a gastrointestinal peptide, ghrelin. Rats received 42 ng injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Lesioned animals had a prolonged growth hormone (GH) response to ghrelin administration as compared to controls, but the feeding response was unchanged. The results indicate that ghrelin or GH may be involved with a negative feedback response controlling GH levels.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Spano AJ, Frankfurter A (2010) Characterization of anti-beta-tubulin antibodies. Methods Cell Biol 95:33-46. doi: 10.1016/S0091-679X(10)95003-6 PMID: 20466128

Related Products: Antibody to Beta Tubulin Type III (2G10-E9-B1-F7) (Cat. #AB-V38), Antibody to Beta Tubulin Type III (5G8) (Cat. #AB-V39), Antibody to Beta Tubulin Type III (A10 (1A11)) (Cat. #AB-V41)

Zikri NN, Schumer E, Wang JJ, Gaughan A, Hadley GA, Moffatt-Bruce SD (2010) Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells with CD103 depletion. J Surg Res 163(1):162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.021

Summary: CD8+ T cells expressing CD103 have been shown to play a key role in the rejection of renal allografts. Use of M290-SAP (a custom saporin conjugation) allows allograft tolerance even in a completely mismatched islet cell transplant model. Use of 1 mg M290-SAP/kg body weight in mice allowed the authors to characterize the kinetics of M290-SAP and its induction of CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates

Coradazzi M, Gulino R, Garozzo S, Leanza G (2010) Selective lesion of the developing central noradrenergic system: Short- and long-term effects and reinnervation by noradrenergic-rich tissue grafts. J Neurochem 114(3):761-771. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06800.x

Summary: The authors removed noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex of neonatal rats with 0.25-1.0 µg bilateral injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03). No damage was seen in dopaminergic, adrenergic, serotonergic, or cholinergic neurons after this treatment. Rats receiving fetal locus coeruleus tissue implants showed significant post-lesion recovery suggesting that this model can be used to investigate compensatory reinnervation and functional recovery in the central nervous system.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Gonzalez-Menendez I, Contreras F, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Provencio I, Garcia-Fernandez JM (2010) Postnatal development and functional adaptations of the melanopsin photoreceptive system in the albino mouse retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(9):4840-4847. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5253 PMID: 20435589

Summary: Melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) adjust the circadian pacemaker of mammals by detecting light. The authors tracked the development of ipRGCs in postnatal mice under varying light conditions. Immunohistochemistry for these experiments was done using an anti-mouse melanopsin polyclonal antibody (Cat. #AB-N38). Alteration of the standard light/dark cycle clearly affected the development of ipRGCs.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Hovinga KE, Shimizu F, Wang R, Panagiotakos G, Van Der Heijden M, Moayedpardazi H, Correia AS, Soulet D, Major T, Menon J, Tabar V (2010) Inhibition of notch signaling in glioblastoma targets cancer stem cells via an endothelial cell intermediate. Stem Cells 28:1019-1029. doi: 10.1002/stem.429 PMID: 20506127

Summary: The antibody CD105 (1:1,000) was incubated with Mab-ZAP, to allow binding and formation of a CD105 antibody-saporin complex, which was added to explants or to a human cerebral microvessel endothelial cell line as control.  CD105 antibody was also incubated with a Goat-IgG-SAP for control  that does not bind CD105.  The conjugates were injected into the explant under a dissecting microscope after gently incising the explant surface for better access.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Goat IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-19)

Vincent BG, Young EF, Buntzman AS, Stevens R, Kepler TB, Tisch RM, Frelinger JA, Hess PR (2010) Toxin-coupled MHC class I tetramers can specifically ablate autoreactive CD8+ T cells and delay diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 184(8):4196-4204. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903931

Summary: MHC class I tetramers have been used to identify antigen-specific cells. In this work the authors used a biotinylated tetramer in conjunction with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) to eliminate a specific subset of reactive T cells associated with islets in vivo. NOD mice received three 4.36 µg intravenous injections of the tetramer/saporin complex over 12 days. The onset of type I diabetes in the treated mice was significantly delayed.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Klinkenberg I, Blokland A (2010) The validity of scopolamine as a pharmacological model for cognitive impairment: A review of animal behavioral studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34(8):1307-1350. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.001 PMID: 20398692

Objective: To provide an overview is given of the effects of scopolamine on animal behavior.

Summary: The most important and influential articles over the past 40 years are included in the present review. The cholinergic hypothesis of memory function as originally put forward by Bartus et al. (1982) has undergone a revision after several lesion studies were performed which used the highly specific cholinergic toxin 192 IgG-SAP (Wiley et al., 1995).

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

See Also:

• Chudasama Y et al. Cholinergic modulation of visual attention and working memory: Dissociable effects of basal forebrain 192-IgG-saporin lesions and intraprefrontal infusions of scopolamine. Learn Mem 11(1):78-86, 2004.
• Wiley RG et al. Destruction of the cholinergic basal forebrain using immunotoxin to rat NGF receptor: modeling the cholinergic degeneration of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci 128:157-166, 1995.
• Wiley RG et al. Immunolesioning: Selective destruction of neurons using immunotoxin to rat NGF receptor. Brain Res 562:149-153, 1991.
• Wrenn CC et al. The behavioral functions of the cholinergic basal forebrain: lessons from 192 IgG-saporin. Int J Dev Neurosci 16(7-8):595-602, 1998.
• Wenk GL The nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic system: one hundred years of progress. Neurobiol Learn Mem 67(2):85-95, 1997.
• Baxter MG et al. Intact spatial learning in both young and aged rats following selective removal of hippocampal cholinergic input. Behav Neurosci 110:460-467, 1996.
• Baxter MG et al. Intact spatial learning in both young and aged rats following selective removal of hippocampal cholinergic input. Behav Neurosci 110:460-467, 1996.
• Baxter MG et al. Disruption of decrements in conditioned stimulus processing by selective removal of hippocampal cholinergic input. J Neurosci 17:5230-5236, 1997.
• Chiba AA et al. Selective removal of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain alters cued target detection. Neuroreport 10(14):3119-3123, 1999.
• McGaughy J et al. Effects of chlordiazepoxide and scopolamine, but not aging, on the detection and identification of conditional visual stimuli. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 50(2):B90-B96, 1995.
• McGaughy J et al. Crossmodal divided attention in rats: effects of chlordiazepoxide and scopolamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 115(1-2):213-220, 1994.
• Torres EM et al. Behavioral, histochemical and biochemical consequences of selective immunolesions in discrete regions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Neuroscience 63:95-122, 1994.
• Voytko ML Cognitive functions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in monkeys: memory or attention?. Behav Brain Res 75(1-2):13-25, 1996.