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Photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex are mediated by distinct populations of ipRGCs.
Chen S, Badea T, Hattar S (2011) Photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex are mediated by distinct populations of ipRGCs. Nature 476:92-95. doi: 10.1038/nature10206 PMID: 21765429
Summary: Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) express the photopigment Melanopsin and regulate a wide array of light dependent physiological processes. Genetic ablation of ipRGCs eliminates circadian photoentrainment and severely disrupts the pupillary light reflex (PLR). Scientists showed that ipRGCs consist of distinct subpopulation that differentially express the Brn3b transcription factor, and can be functionally distinguished. Brn3b-negative M1 ipRGCs innervate the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, whereas Brn3b-positive ipRGCs innervate all other known brain targets. Selective ablation of Brn3b-postive ipRGCs severly disrupts the PLR, but does not impair circadian photoentrainment. The scientists concluded that molecularly distinct subpopulations of M1 ipRGCs, which are morphologically and electrophysiologically similar, innervate different brain regions to execute light-induced functions. A dilution of 1:1000 of Anti-Melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N38) was used for immunohistochemical analysis of retina sections.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.
Do MTH, Yau K (2010) Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Physiol Rev 90(4):1547-1581. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2010
Summary: This review presents recent data that has established the importance of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRPG) in nonimage visual functions. The use of melanopsin-SAP (Cat. #IT-44) in both mice and rats is discussed. It is of note that depletion of ipRPG’s using melanopsin-SAP resulted in deficits in communication to nonimage regions of the brain, but image vision appeared normal.
Related Products: Melanopsin-SAP (Cat. #IT-44)
Morphology and mosaics of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cell types in mice
Berson DM, Castrucci AM, Provencio I (2010) Morphology and mosaics of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cell types in mice. J Comp Neurol 518(13):2405-2422. doi: 10.1002/cne.22381 PMID: 20503419
Objective: To provide a fuller description of murine cell types expressing melanopsin, their contribution to the plexuses of melanopsin dendrites, and mosaics formed by each type.
Summary: M1 cells, corresponding to the originally described ganglion-cell photoreceptors, occupy the ganglion cell or inner nuclear layers. M2 cells ramify in the inner third of the IPL. Rare bistratified cells deploy terminal dendrites within both melanopsin-immunoreactive plexuses within the ON sublayer.
Usage: Immunohistochemistry: The tissue was incubated for 24 hr at 4°C in unpurified primary antiserum diluted 1:2500. Immunoperoxidase labeling of flat mount tissue was incubated for 3 days in the unpurified primary antiserum diluted 1:2500.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Postnatal development and functional adaptations of the melanopsin photoreceptive system in the albino mouse retina.
Gonzalez-Menendez I, Contreras F, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Provencio I, Garcia-Fernandez JM (2010) Postnatal development and functional adaptations of the melanopsin photoreceptive system in the albino mouse retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(9):4840-4847. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5253 PMID: 20435589
Summary: Melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) adjust the circadian pacemaker of mammals by detecting light. The authors tracked the development of ipRGCs in postnatal mice under varying light conditions. Immunohistochemistry for these experiments was done using an anti-mouse melanopsin polyclonal antibody (Cat. #AB-N38). Alteration of the standard light/dark cycle clearly affected the development of ipRGCs.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
Anti-Melanopsin Protocol
Q: We’re interested in trying out your melanopsin antibody (Cat. #AB-N38) using immunohistochemistry in mouse retina. Do you have a recommended protocol?
A: This protocol has been utilized successfully with anti-melanopsin.
Related: Anti-Melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N38), Anti-Melanopsin, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)
Immunotoxin-induced ablation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells in a non-murine mammalian model.
Ingham ES, Gunhan E, Fuller PM, Fuller CA (2009) Immunotoxin-induced ablation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells in a non-murine mammalian model. J Comp Neurol 516:125-140. doi: 10.1002/cne.22103
Related Products: Melanopsin-SAP (Cat. #IT-44)
Targeted destruction of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells with a saporin conjugate alters the effects of light on mouse circadian rhythms.
Göz D, Studholme K, Lappi DA, Rollag MD, Provencio I, Morin LP (2008) Targeted destruction of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells with a saporin conjugate alters the effects of light on mouse circadian rhythms. PLoS ONE 3(9):e3153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003153 PMID: 18773079
Summary: Retinal ganglion cells expressing melanopsin photopigment are thought to be involved in non-image forming visual responses to light. The authors had a custom conjugate made between saporin and an anti-melanopsin antibody. A 400-ng injection of the melanopsin-SAP conjugate into the eye of a mouse resulted in a 57% loss of the targeted cells. Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35) was used as a control. The data indicates that melanopsin-containing cells are involved in the response to certain non-image forming visual input.
Related Products: Melanopsin-SAP (Cat. #IT-44), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)
Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting
Panda S, Sato TK, Castrucci AM, Rollag MD, DeGrip WJ, Hogenesch JB, Provencio I, Kay SA (2002) Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting. Science 298(5601):2213-2216. doi: 10.1126/science.1076848 PMID: 12481141
Objective: To investigate the role of melanopsin in circadian photoentrainment in mammals.
Summary: The study focused on understanding how melanopsin, an opsin-based photopigment, affects the circadian rhythms in mammals. By generating melanopsin-null mice and observing their response to light-induced circadian phase shifting, the research demonstrated that while these mice maintain some entrainment to light/dark cycles, their phase resetting in response to monochromatic light is severely attenuated. This highlights melanopsin’s critical role in circadian photoentrainment, alongside other mechanisms that contribute to this process.
Usage: Anti-Melanopsin (AB-N38) was incubated with tissue for 24 hr at 4°C at a 1:2,500 dilution in a TBS incubating buffer containing 1% bovine serum albumin, 0.25% carrageenan lambda and 0.003% Triton X-100.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)
Photoreceptive net in the mammalian retina.
Provencio I, Rollag MD, Castrucci AM (2002) Photoreceptive net in the mammalian retina. Nature 415:493. doi: 10.1038/415493a PMID: 11823848
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)
A novel human opsin in the inner retina.
Provencio I, Rodriguez IR, Jiang G, Hayes WP, Moreira EF, Rollag MD (2000) A novel human opsin in the inner retina. J Neurosci 20(2):600-605. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00600.2000 PMID: 10632589
Summary: Provencio and colleagues found that melanopsin is also present in mouse retina, specifically in ganglion cells, and that it mediates non-visual photoreceptive tasks.
Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38), Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)