Miranpuri GS, Bali P, Nguyen J, Kim JJ, Modgil S, Mehra P, Buttar S, Brown G, Yutuc N, Singh H, Wood A, Singh J, Anand A (2021) Role of microglia and astrocytes in spinal cord injury induced neuropathic pain. Ann Neurosci 28(3-4):219-228. doi: 10.1177/09727531211046367

Summary: Given the severity and incapacitating effects of spinal cord injury neuropathic pain (SCINP), it is imperative to study the pathways involved and find new therapeutic targets in coordination with stem cell research, and to develop a new gold-standard in SCINP treatment. Chronic inflammation by microglia, when targeted with Mac-1-SAP, helps in pain reversal.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)

Salwa, LK (2021) Engrafted stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: A promising treatment strategy with clinical outcome. J Control Release 338:837-857. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.007

Objective: This review provides a detailed update on stem cell therapy (SCT) for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

Summary: What future holds for SCT in the treatment of AD is summarized

Usage: Liu et al. injected 1.5 μg of mu p75-SAP into the medial septum.

See: Liu Y et al. Medial ganglionic eminence-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells correct learning and memory deficits. Nat Biotechnol 31(5):440-447, 2013.

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Tadokoro T, Tanaka K, Osakabe S, Kato M, Kobayashi H, Hogan BLM, Taniguchi H (2021) Dorso-ventral heterogeneity in tracheal basal stem cells. Biol Open 10(9):bio058676. doi: 10.1242/bio.058676 PMID: 34396394

Objective: To determine whether tracheal basal cells (BCs) from the dorso-ventral airways have intrinsic molecular and behavioural differences relevant to their in vivo function.

Summary: This study revealed the differences in the characteristics of BCs based on spatial distribution, and also indicated the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in tissue homoeostasis in the trachea. The findings of this study suggest that careful observation is necessary in future research, as the influence of environment on the phenomenon should be considered.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:100)

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Skulimowska I, Sosniak J, Gonka M, Szade A, Jozkowicz A, Szade K (2021) The biology of hematopoietic stem cells and its clinical implications. FEBS J 16192. doi: 10.1111/febs.16192

Objective: To review the opportunities and challenges of recent findings to improve the clinical use of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

Summary: The authors describe new methods of HSC mobilization and conditioning for transplantation and highlight research that may lead to solutions for the limitations of HSC transplantation

See: Palchaudhuri R et al. Non-genotoxic conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a hematopoietic-cell-specific internalizing immunotoxin. Nat Biotechnol 34:738-745, 2016.

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

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Kiyokawa H, Yamaoka A, Matsuoka C, Tokuhara T, Abe T, Morimoto M (2021) Airway basal stem cells reutilize the embryonic proliferation regulator, Tgfβ-Id2 axis, for tissue regeneration. Dev Cell 56(13):1917-1929.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.016 PMID: 34129836

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating how basal cells contribute to adult tissue regeneration by shifting from slow cycling to proliferating and subsequently back to slow cycling.

Summary: TGF-β-Id2 axis commonly regulates the proliferation transitions in basal cells during development and regeneration, and its fine-tuning is critical for normal regeneration while avoiding basal cell hyperplasia.

Usage: Immunostaining

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Yuan H, Hu H, Chen R, Mu W, Wang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Ding X, Xi Y, Mao S, Jiang M, Chen J, He Y, Wang L, Dong Y, Tou J, Chen W (2021) Premigratory neural crest stem cells generate enteric neurons populating the mouse colon and regulating peristalsis in tissue-engineered intestine. Stem Cells Transl Med 10(6):922-938. doi: 10.1002/sctm.20-0469 PMID: 33481357

Objective: To determine whether premigratory NCSCs (pNCSCs) could form enteric neurons and mediate the motility.

Summary: The results show that the pNCSCs that were previously assumed to not be induced by intestinal environment or cues can innervate the intestine and establish neuron-dependent motility.

Usage: Immunochemistry (1:200)

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Penna S, Villa A, Capo V (2021) Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis: mechanisms and treatments. Dis Model Mech 14(5):dmm048940. doi: 10.1242/dmm.048940

Summary: Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a severe inherited bone disease characterized by defective osteoclast resorption or differentiation. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed for ARO patients. The authors review preclinical and proof-of-concept studies, such as gene therapy, systematic administration of deficient protein, in utero Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene editing.

Usage: Efficacy in HSCT conditioning was demonstrated with CD45.2-SAP (biotinylated Anti-CD45 mixed with Streptavidin-ZAP). In mice, CD45.2–SAP preserved normal bone marrow architecture compared to total body irradiation, which instead reduced vascular integrity and bone marrow cellularity. Mice conditioned with CD45.2–SAP rapidly recovered their peripheral myeloid cells and had a survival advantage when exposed to infections (3 mg/kg iv; Palchaudhuri et al.). Additionally, conditioning with CD45.2–SAP resulted in significant chimerism after transplantation, even in a pathological mouse model (3 mg/kg iv; Castiello et al.).

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See Also:

• Palchaudhuri R et al. Non-genotoxic conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a hematopoietic-cell-specific internalizing immunotoxin. Nat Biotechnol 34:738-745, 2016.
• Castiello MC et al. Efficacy and safety of anti-CD45-saporin as conditioning agent for RAG deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 147(1):309-320.e6, 2021.

Pethe P, Kale V (2021) Placenta: A gold mine for translational research and regenerative medicine. Reprod Biol 21(2):100508. doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100508

Objective: To review recent studies regarding the therapeutic potential of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hPMSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Summary: These studies demonstrate salutary effects of hPMSC-EVs on a range of different difficult-to-treat conditions like Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease, acute kidney injury, etc., and therefore, it is imperative that these leads should be taken forward to clinical trials.

Usage: 8 µL of 192 IgG-saporin (0.63 µg/µL) were bilaterally injected into the ventricle to induce a dementia rat model.

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Fang J, Sia J, Soto J, Wang P, Li LK, Hsueh YY, Sun R, Faull KF, Tidball JG, Li S (2021) Skeletal muscle regeneration via the chemical induction and expansion of myogenic stem cells in situ or in vitro. Nat Biomed Eng 5(8):864-879. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00696-y PMID: 33737730

Objective: To show that myogenic stem cells expanded from obtainable dermal fibroblasts or skeletal muscle stem cells lead to functional muscle regeneration when transplanted into muscle injuries in adult, aged or dystrophic mice.

Summary: A cocktail of chemicals can selectively and efficiently expand myogenic cells from dermal fibroblast-like cells and skeletal muscle stromal cells. Also, nanoparticle-delivery of the chemical cocktail induces a robust in situ activation and expansion of satellite cells for adult and aged muscle regeneration.

Usage: Immunofluorescence staining (1:100)

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Ebadi R, Rabiee F, Kordi-Tamandani D, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K (2021) Fndc5 knockdown significantly decreased the expression of neurotrophins and their respective receptors during neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Hum Cell 34(3):847-861. doi: 10.1007/s13577-021-00517-z PMID: 33683654

Objective: To evaluate whether knockdown of Fibronectin type III domain-containing-5 (Fndc5) decreases neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) by affecting the neurotrophins and their receptor expression.

Summary: Results suggest that decreased efficiency of neural differentiation following the reduction of Fndc5 expression could be attributed to decreased levels of NGF and BDNF proteins in addition to their cognate receptors.

Usage: Western blot (1:4000)

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)