tt2003

Gadd CA, Murtra P, De Felipe C, Hunt SP (2003) Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the amygdala modulate morphine reward and anxiety behaviors in the mouse. J Neurosci 23(23):8271-8280. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08271.2003

Summary: Mice lacking the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor are insensitive to opiates in models of drug abuse. To assess what areas of the brain may be involved in this process, the authors used 1.0-µl injections of 1.0 µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) to eliminate NK-1 receptor-positive neurons in the nucleus accumbens, dorsomedial caudate putamen or amygdala of mice. Only mice with amygdala lesions displayed behavior comparable to NK-1 receptor knockout mice—increase in anxiety-like behavior, reduction in stimulant effect of morphine. These data suggest that the amygdala plays an important role in anxiety behaviors and the response to opiates.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Gardell LR, Vanderah TW, Gardell SE, Wang R, Ossipov MH, Lai J, Porreca F (2003) Enhanced evoked excitatory transmitter release in experimental neuropathy requires descending facilitation. J Neurosci 23(23):8370-8379. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-23-08370.2003

Summary: The authors examine whether afferent discharge produced by nerve injury and central changes in experimental neuropathic pain might interact at the spinal level. Rats were treated with 48 ng of dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) and various markers for neuropathic pain were evaluated. The results link several consequences of the post-injury state, including support for increased afferent input as a driving force for neuropathic pain.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Cadiacio CL, Milner TA, Gallagher M, Pierce JP (2003) Hilar neuropeptide Y interneuron loss in the aged rat hippocampal formation. Exp Neurol 183(1):147-158. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00126-2

Summary: The authors investigate the loss of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive (NPY-I) interneurons in the dentate gyrus of aged rats. Their results show a loss of a select group of interneurons in these animals. The behavioral as well as structural changes correlated with the results of previous studies on young rats treated with 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01). NPY-I neurons may therefore be affected by age-related losses of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Wiley RG, Lappi DA (2003) Targeted toxins in pain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55(8):1043-1054. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00102-9

Summary: The authors discuss the use of ‘molecular neurosurgery’ in the study of nociception. Applications using targeted toxins, which include immunotoxins, protein-toxin conjugates, or peptide-toxin conjugates, are illustrated. The authors describe the use of these molecules as research tools, as well as their potential for therapeutics. A helpful table is included that lists neuronal surface markers and class of cells targeted for each targeted toxin. Reagents discussed: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), and acetylated LDL-SAP (Cat. #IT-08).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), Acetylated LDL-SAP (Cat. #IT-08)

Levita L, Mania I, Rainnie DG (2003) Subtypes of substance P receptor immunoreactive interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala. Brain Res 981(1-2):41-51. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02870-1

Summary: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) has been used to lesion substance P receptor (SPr)-expressing neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), but the interneuron subgroups targeted by SP-SAP in the BLA have not yet been defined. The authors used dual-labeling immunofluorescence to examine SPr colocalization with calbindin-D28K, parvalbumin, calretinin, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). All neurons in the BLA that express NPY also express the SPr and therefore SP-SAP, which specifically eliminates SP receptor-positive neurons is a useful tool to study the role of NPY in the BLA.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Lehmann O, Grottick AJ, Cassel JC, Higgins GA (2003) A double dissociation between serial reaction time and radial maze performance in rats subjected to 192 IgG-saporin lesions of the nucleus basalis and/or the septal region. Eur J Neurosci 18(3):651-666. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02745.x

Summary: Using 0.4-µl injections containing 0.4 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into either the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, or both, the authors examined the contributions of the p75 receptor-positive neurons on cognitive function in rats. Data indicate there is a functional dissociation between the two pathways in attention and memory.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Mistlberger RE, Antle MC, Kilduff TS, Jones M (2003) Food- and light-entrained circadian rhythms in rats with hypocretin-2-saporin ablations of the lateral hypothalamus. Brain Res 980(2):161-168. doi: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02755-0

Summary: Food-anticipatory behaviors in mammals can follow circadian rhythms entrained by daily feeding schedules. Lateral hypothalamic (LH) neurons express hypocretin (also known as orexin) receptors, therefore rats were treated with four 500-ng injections of orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) to eliminate these neurons. Lesioned animals displayed altered dietary behavior, but maintained anticipatory activity before the daily meal.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Kanold PO, Kara P, Reid RC, Shatz CJ (2003) Role of subplate neurons in functional maturation of visual cortical columns. Science 301(5632):521-525. doi: 10.1126/science.1084152

Summary: Subplate neurons play a role in the development of connections between the thalamus and cerebral cortex. The authors used 0.5-µl injections of 0.25-1.0 mg/ml of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) to eliminate p75 receptor-positive neurons in the subplate of cats to investigate whether these neurons are involved in the organization and maturation of the visual cortex. This study also uses mouse IgG-saporin (Cat. #IT-18) as a control.

Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Kirby BP, Rawlins JN (2003) The role of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection in T-maze rewarded alternation. Behav Brain Res 143(1):41-48. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00005-6

Summary: 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) has been used extensively to lesion cholinergic projections to the medial septum from the hippocampal region. It is not yet clear how post-lesion neural regeneration may affect the results. The authors used four 50-ng injections of 192-Saporin to investigate effects prior to any suspected neural regeneration. Significant microglia activation, loss of hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, and a clear inflammatory response were observed; but there was no impairment of spatial working memory.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Vierck CJ, Kline RH, Wiley RG (2003) Intrathecal substance p-saporin attenuates operant escape from nociceptive thermal stimuli. Neuroscience 119(1):223-232. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00125-8

Summary: Administration of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) eliminates sensitization of nocifensive reflexes. The authors investigate whether SP-SAP elimination of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the lumbar spinal cord affects nociceptive sensitivity in general, or preferentially affects nociception dependent on spinal and brainstem, or cerebral processing. Rats treated with spinal intrathecal injections of 175 ng of SP-SAP showed attenuated thermal hyperalgesia, and no secondary hyperalgesia, while innate reflexes were unaffected by SP-SAP treatment.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)