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Arcuate nucleus destruction does not block food deprivation-induced increases in food foraging and hoarding.
Dailey MJ, Bartness TJ (2010) Arcuate nucleus destruction does not block food deprivation-induced increases in food foraging and hoarding. Brain Res 1323:94-108. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.078
Summary: While some aspects of food intake are understood, mechanisms controlling hoarding of food have not been identified. This work investigates the role of NPY in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) in hoarding. Siberian hamsters received 48 ng injections of NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28) into the Arc; blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. In lesioned animals food deprivation-induced hoarding was increased 100%, but baseline foraging and food hoarding was unchanged.
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporin.
Gulino R, Perciavalle V, Gulisano M (2010) Expression of cell fate determinants and plastic changes after neurotoxic lesion of adult mice spinal cord by cholera toxin-B saporin. Eur J Neurosci 31(8):1423-1434. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07170.x
Summary: Sonic hedgehog, Notch-1, and Numb are proteins known to be involved in the function of stem cells. Understanding of how they might work in adults may provide methods to improve recovery from spinal cord injury. In this work the authors injected 3 µg of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Analysis of protein levels following motoneuron depletion gives some insight into the molecular framework of nerve injury.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Synaptic plasticity and pain: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Larsson M, Broman J (2011) Synaptic plasticity and pain: role of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Neuroscientist 17(3):256-73. doi: 10.1177/1073858409349913
Summary: This review discusses the role of glutaminergic sensory synapses in pain hypersensitivity caused by tissue or nerve injury. The focus is on the roles of ionotrophic glutamate receptors, and how they are involved in dorsal horn synaptic plasticity. The role of substance P in such mechanisms is briefly discussed, as elucidated by the use of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07).
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Does age matter? Behavioral and neuro-anatomical effects of neonatal and adult basal forebrain cholinergic lesions.
De Bartolo P, Cutuli D, Ricceri L, Gelfo F, Foti F, Laricchiuta D, Scattoni ML, Calamandrei G, Petrosini L (2010) Does age matter? Behavioral and neuro-anatomical effects of neonatal and adult basal forebrain cholinergic lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 20:207-227. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1355 PMID: 20164586
Summary: The authors characterized the differences caused by age on the effect of cholinergic lesions of the basal forebrain. Seven-day-old rats received 210 ng bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). Eighty-day-old rats received 4 µg bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SP. Both experimental groups displayed similar behavior, indicating that development of a depleted cholinergic system yields similar results to cholinergic dysfunction in adulthood.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice.
Nag N, Baxter MG, Berger-Sweeney JE (2009) Efficacy of a murine-p75-saporin immunotoxin for selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice. Neurosci Lett 452:247-251. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.01.006
Summary: The authors tested a new version of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) in mice. Mice received bilateral injections of 0.65 or 1.3 µg of immunotoxin into each lateral ventricle. Both amounts produced a complete loss of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum, while a dose-dependent loss of cholinergic neurons was seen in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis.
Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)
Bronchoconstrictor effect of the tachykinin NK₃-receptor agonists [MePhe⁷]-neurokinin B and senktide in the isolated guinea pig lung
Corboz MR, Rivelli MA, Eckel SP (2010) Bronchoconstrictor effect of the tachykinin NK₃-receptor agonists [MePhe⁷]-neurokinin B and senktide in the isolated guinea pig lung. Exp Lung Res 36(9):509-521. doi: 10.3109/01902141003777582
Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63)
Dorsal horn neurons expressing NK-1 receptors mediate scratching in rats.
Carstens EE, Carstens MI, Simons CT, Jinks SL (2010) Dorsal horn neurons expressing NK-1 receptors mediate scratching in rats. Neuroreport 21:303-308. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328337310a
Summary: The itch signal is passed through the superficial dorsal horn. The authors investigated whether ablation of NK-1 receptor-expressing neurons in this area would affect itch-related scratching behavior. Rats received 20 µl of 2.27-µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) as an intracisternal injection. The reduction in itch response to intradermal 5-hydroxytryptamine indicates that NK-1 receptor-expressing superficial dorsal horn neurons are important for spinal itch transmission.
Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)
Targeted ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons reduces the hemodynamic response to pain in conscious spinal cord transected rats.
Lujan HL, Palani G, Peduzzi J, Dicarlo SE (2010) Targeted ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons reduces the hemodynamic response to pain in conscious spinal cord transected rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298(5):R1358-1365. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00755.2009
Summary: Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening hypertension as a result of a spinal cord injury above thoracic level 6. The authors investigated whether reduction of sympathetic activity can reduce the severity of this condition. Rats received 13.5 µg injections of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into the celiac ganglion resulting in ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons. Lesioned animals displayed a reduced pressor response to pain after spinal cord transection, to some extent ameliorating autonomic dysreflexia.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Unique contributions of distinct cholinergic projections to motor cortical plasticity and learning.
Conner JM, Kulczycki M, Tuszynski MH (2010) Unique contributions of distinct cholinergic projections to motor cortical plasticity and learning. Cereb Cortex 20(11):2739-2748. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq022
Summary: This work mapped the basal cholinergic forebrain system associations with skilled motor learning and motor function recovery after cortical injury. Rats were lesioned with 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). The animals received either two rostrocaudal injections of 75-112 ng; two 19 ng injections into the “prefrontal depletion site”; or two 19 ng injections into the “motor cortex depletion site.” Loss of motor cortex cholinergic systems disrupts map plasticity and skilled motor behavior, indicating that control of these systems rests within the motor cortex.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
The brainstem noradrenergic systems in stress, anxiety, and depression.
Itoi K, Sugimoto N (2010) The brainstem noradrenergic systems in stress, anxiety, and depression. J Neuroendocrinol 22(5):355-361. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.01988.x
Summary: In this review the authors examine the relationship between the central noradrenergic system, fear/anxiety states, and depression. The use of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) to investigate the function of the noradrenergic system in these paradigms is described.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)