saporin

Colombari DS, Pedrino GR, Freiria-Oliveira AH, Korim WS, Maurino IC, Cravo SL (2008) Lesions of medullary catecholaminergic neurons increase salt intake in rats. Brain Res Bull 76:572-578. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.04.001

Summary: Catecholaminergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) are thought to contribute to cardiovascular regulation and body fluid homeostasis. Bilateral 6.3-ng injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) were administered to the CVLM of rats. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. After lesioning and challenge with either furosemide/captopril or water deprivation, intake of 0.3 M NaCl and water were observed. The data indicate medullary catecholaminergic neurons play an inhibitory role in sodium appetite.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

McKay LC, Feldman JL (2008) Unilateral ablation of preBotzinger Complex disrupts breathing during sleep but not wakefulness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178(1):89-95. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200712-1901OC

Summary: Previous data has shown that ablation of preBötzinger complex (preBötC) neurokinin 1 expressing (NK1R) neurons disrupts breathing patterns in both sleep and wakefulness. The initial disruption is during sleep, with the eventual onset of ataxic breathing while the animals are awake. Here rats received a unilateral injection of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07, 6.7 ng) into the left preBötC. SP plus unconjugated saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Unilaterally treated rats did not develop disrupted breathing patterns during wakefulness.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Zinck ND, Downie JW (2008) IB4 afferent sprouting contributes to bladder dysfunction in spinal rats. Exp Neurol 213:293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.06.006

Summary: Spinal cord injury can cause inefficient bladder function, but the direct cause is not well understood. Most work has focused on afferent neurons that contain CGRP and respond to NGF. Here the authors investigate the role of isolectin B4 (IB4)-expressing neurons that are supported by GDNF. Rats received intrathecal injections of either 2.4 µg IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10) or 3 µg control saporin (Cat. #PR-01). The data suggest that IB4-afferent sprouting is involved in bladder dysfunction following spinal cord transection.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Darmani NA, Wang Y, Abad J, Ray AP, Thrush GR, Ramirez J (2008) Utilization of the least shrew as a rapid and selective screening model for the antiemetic potential and brain penetration of substance P and NK1 receptor antagonists. Brain Res 1214:58-72. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.077

Summary: This work investigated the role of central tachykinin NK1 receptors in delayed phase vomiting caused by chemotherapeutics. Least shrews received 1.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11). Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) and blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) were used as controls. In response to administration of a NK1 receptor agonist lesioned animals vomited less than the control group, indicating an important role for NK1 receptors in emesis.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Siva AC, Wild MA, Kirkland RE, Nolan MJ, Lin B, Maruyama T, Yantiri-Wernimont F, Frederickson S, Bowdish KS, Xin H (2008) Targeting CUB domain-containing protein 1 with a monoclonal antibody inhibits metastasis in a prostate cancer model. Cancer Res 68:3759-3766. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1657

Summary: CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is an antigen expressed on several metastatic cancers, as well as on CD34+ and CD133+ myeloid leukemic blast cells. After demonstrating in vitro activity of the monoclonal antibody 25A11 with Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04) and Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22) the authors had a custom conjugation of 25A11 and saporin made for testing in mice. Goat-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-19) was used as a control for in vivo experiments, and saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was the control in vitro. The direct conjugate significantly inhibited tumor growth as well as metastasis in vivo.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Goat IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-19), Saporin (Cat #PR-01)

Rahman W, Suzuki R, Hunt SP, Dickenson AH (2008) Selective ablation of dorsal horn NK(1) expressing cells reveals a modulation of spinal alpha2-adrenergic inhibition of dorsal horn neurones. Neuropharmacology 54:1208-1214. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.03.014

Summary: In this work the spinal origin of the major descending noradrenergic inhibitory pathway is examined with the help of SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07). Rats received a 10-µl infusion of 1-mM SP-SAP (saporin, Cat. #PR-01, was used as a control) into the sub-arachnoid space terminating in the L4-5 region. Results from examining neuronal responses under the influence of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole suggest that NK1 expressing cells are involved with activity in noradrenergic pathways and descending facilitation.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Joseph EK, Chen X, Bogen O, Levine JD (2008) Oxaliplatin acts on IB4-positive nociceptors to induce an oxidative stress-dependent acute painful peripheral neuropathy. J Pain 9:463-472. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.01.335

Summary: Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy agent. Use of this reagent produces various pathological pain states, depending on the dosage site. The authors administered 3.2-µg intrathecal injections of IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), using saporin (Cat. #PR-01) as a control. Lesioning IB4-binding neurons in the dorsal horn completely prevented oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesia, indicating that the IB4-positive nociceptor neuronal subset is crucial to this type of neuropathy.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Kline IV RH, Wiley RG (2008) Spinal mu-opioid receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: role in nociception and morphine antinociception. J Neurosci 28:904-913. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4452-07.2008

Summary: The authors used Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) to investigate the function of spinal cord mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-expressing dorsal horn neurons in nociception and morphine analgesia. Rats were treated with 500 ng intrathecal injections of Dermorphin-SAP; 500 ng of Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21), and up to 1 µg of Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) were used as controls. The data indicate that MOR-expressing dorsal horn neurons are necessary for morphine action and play a role in nocifensive responses to persistent pain in the formalin test.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Daniels TR, Ng PP, Delgado T, Lynch MR, Schiller G, Helguera G, Penichet ML (2007) Conjugation of an anti transferrin receptor IgG3-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin results in significant enhancement of its cytotoxicity against malignant hematopoietic cells. Mol Cancer Ther 6:2995-3008. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0330

Summary: The human transferrin receptor (hTfR) is overexpressed in malignant cells. Using Advanced Targeting System’s custom biotinylation service, the authors combined an anti-hTfR antibody-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin (Cat. #PR-01, saporin alone), and examined the effect of the combined complex on cancer cells in vitro. Although the antibody-avidin fusion protein has an intrinsic cytotoxic effect, the fusion protein-saporin complex was able to eliminate the population of cells that showed resistance to the fusion protein alone.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Khan IM, Wart CV, Singletary EA, Stanislaus S, Deerinck T, Yaksh TL, Printz MP (2008) Elimination of rat spinal substance P receptor bearing neurons dissociates cardiovascular and nocifensive responses to nicotinic agonists. Neuropharmacology 54(2):269-279. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.09.014

Summary: Nocifensive behavior and cardiovascular responses due to nicotinic agonists may be sustained by substance P-positive primary afferents. Rats received 10-µl intrathecal injections of 10 µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07); unconjugated saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Lesioned animals displayed reduced nocifensive response to nicotinic agonists. Tachycardia and pressor responses were enhanced upon administration of cytisine and epibatidine.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)