control-conjugates

Smith CD, Holschbach MA, Olsewicz J, Lonstein JS (2012) Effects of noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor antagonism or noradrenergic lesions in the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial preoptic area on maternal care in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 224(2):263-276. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2749-2

Summary: The authors investigated the function of norepinephrine in mothering. Lesioned animals received 55-ng infusions of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Mouse-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The results demonstrate that downregulated noradrenergic activity is necessary for postpartum maternal behavior, but is not enough to elicit maternal behavior in nulliparous females.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Man SH, Geranton SM, Hunt SP (2012) Lamina I NK1 expressing projection neurones are functional in early postnatal rats and contribute to the setting up of adult mechanical sensory thresholds. Mol Pain 8(1):35. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-35

Summary: Projections from lamina I neurons regulate mechanical and thermal sensitivity due to injury. Little is known about how these pathways develop immediately after birth. Rats at postnatal day 3 were treated with 2 μl of 5 μM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) injected into the intrathecal space. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The data show that neurokinin-1 positive neurons project to the parabrachial nucleus in the hindbrain, and that these neurons and lamina I neurons were responsive to noxious stimulation at postnatal day 3. Treated animals also displayed increased mechanical sensitivity from postnatal day 45 on.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Mittelman-Smith MA, Williams H, Krajewski-Hall SJ, Lai J, Ciofi P, McMullen NT, Rance NE ( 2012 ) Arcuate kisspeptin/neurokinin b/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons mediate the estrogen suppression of gonadotropin secretion and body weight. Endocrinology 153(6):2800-2812 . doi: 10.1210/en.2012-1045

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Rance NE, Mittelman-Smith MA, Krajewski-Hall SJ (2012) Featured Article: Use of a novel saporin conjugate (NK3-SAP) to study the function of neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3r)-expressing kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus. Targeting Trends 13(2)

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Mittelman-Smith MA et al. Arcuate Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Neurons Mediate the Estrogen Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion and Body Weight. Endocrinology 153(6):2800-2812 , 2012 .

Cai L, Gibbs RB, Johnson DA (2012) Recognition of novel objects and their location in rats with selective cholinergic lesion of the medial septum. Neurosci Lett 506(2):261-265. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.11.019

Summary: This work examined object recognition and object location recognition as specific components of memory. Rats received 0.22 μg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) infused into the medial septum followed by testing in novel object recognition (NOR) and object location recognition (OLR) models. Substantial decreases in choline acetyltransferase activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex produced no difference in NOR but caused a significant impairment in OLR – highlighting the role that septo-hippocampal cholinergic projections play in OLR.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Tolner EA, Sheikh A, Yukin AY, Kaila K, Kanold PO (2012) Subplate neurons promote spindle bursts and thalamocortical patterning in the neonatal rat somatosensory cortex. J Neurosci 32(2):692-702. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1538-11.2012

Summary: Immature cortices in both human and rat have spontaneous activity associated with the maturation of cortical synapses and neuronal circuits. In order to investigate what cells are controlling these events the authors administered 400 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) to the S1 cortex hindlimb/forelimb area of rats. mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) and mouse-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) were used as controls. This lesion eliminates subplate neurons which results in a significant loss of evoked spindle burst activity.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

St Peters M, Sarter M (2012) Featured Article: Motivation’s modulation of attention through the mesolimbic-corticopetal cholinergic circuitry. Targeting Trends 13(1)

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• St Peters M et al. Enhanced control of attention by stimulating mesolimbic-corticopetal cholinergic circuitry. J Neurosci 31(26):9760-9771, 2011.

Khan AM KKL, Sanchez-Watts, Ponzio TA, Kuzmiski JB, Bains JS, Watts AG (2011) MAP kinases couple hindbrain-derived catecholamine signals to hypothalamic adrenocortical control mechanisms during glycemia-related challenges. J Neurosci 31(50):18479-18491. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4785-11.2011

Summary: This work uses in vivo and ex vivo techniques to clarify how hypothalamic afferent pathways use intracellular mechanisms to modulate glycemia related adrenocortical responses. Rats received 42 ng injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The results establish a relationship between neurons from nutrient-sensing regions and intracellular mechanisms in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neuroendocrine neurons.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Janiesch PC, Kruger HS, Poschel B, Hanganu-Opatz IL (2011) Cholinergic control in developing prefrontal-hippocampal networks. J Neurosci 31(49):17955-17970. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2644-11.2011

Summary: In this work the authors examined the role of acetylcholine in the maturation of cognitive processing due to oscillatory rhythms entraining neuronal networks. Rats received 50 ng of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into each lateral ventricle, or 25 ng directly into the medial septum. Among other results, cholinergic input was shown to reach the prefrontal cortex toward the end of the first postnatal week, initially targeting GABAergic neurons. Reduction of this activity by lesioning cholinergic neurons may cause global diminishment of neocortical activity.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Botly LC, De Rosa E (2012) Impaired visual search in rats reveals cholinergic contributions to feature binding in visuospatial attention. Cereb Cortex 22(10):2441-2453. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr331

Summary: Previous work established the role of acetylcholine from the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in attentional processing and visuospatial attention. In order to investigate the necessity of cortical cholinergic input for support of feature binding in visuospatial attention the authors administered bilateral intraparenchymal injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01, 4 injections, 40 ng per injection). Lesioned animals took longer to locate targets during type-specific search trials, demonstrating that cholinergic input influences feature binding during visuospatial attention tasks.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)