References

May Z, Kumar R, Fuehrmann T, Tam R, Vulic K, Forero J, Lucas Osma A, Fenrich K, Assinck P, Lee M, Moulson A, Shoichet M, Tetzlaff W, Biernaskie J, Fouad K (2018) Adult skin-derived precursor Schwann cell grafts form growths in the injured spinal cord of Fischer rats. Biomed Mater 13:034101. doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/aa95f8 PMID: 29068322

Objective: To improve grafted cell survival in the injured spinal cord, which is typically low.

Summary: It is of utmost importance to define the precise culture/transplantation parameters for maintenance of normal cell function and safe and effective use of cell therapy.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:500)

Related Products: NGFr (192-IgG, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N43)

Zhuravin IA, Dubrovskaya NM, Tumanova NL, Vasilev DS, Nalivaeva NN (2018) Ontogenetic and phylogenetic approaches for studying the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunctions. Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry – Advances and Perspectives: InTech 714-741. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.73666

Summary: The effectiveness of the studies of the pathogenesis of AD and search for the strategies of its prevention and treatment depend on appropriate modeling of the pathological conditions in the brain leading to AD. Traditionally, the main focus on designing animal models of AD was related to the identification of brain areas and mediator systems related to memory. One model employed injections of a monoclonal antibody against growth factor receptor conjugated with saporin (192 IgG-saporin), which also resulted in the loss of cholinergic neurons and cognitive disorder

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Jones I, Novikova LN, Novikov LN, Renardy M, Ullrich A, Wiberg M, Carlsson L, Kingham PJ (2018) Regenerative effects of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural crest cells for treatment of peripheral nerve injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12(4):e2099-e2109. doi: 10.1002/term.2642 PMID: 29327452

Objective: To determine if differentiated neural crest cells are promising supporting cell candidates to aid in peripheral nerve repair.

Summary: In this study, neural crest cells were differentiated from human embryonic stem cells. NGFR (mouse monoclonal, 1:100) Immunocytochemistry. The specificity of NGFR antibody was validated by immunocytochemical staining of both hESCs- and MACS-enriched cells.

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Arias-Carrion O, Ortega-Robles E, de Celis-Alonso B, Palasz A, Mendez-Rojas MA, Salas-Pacheco J, Murillo-Rodriguez E (2018) Depletion of hypocretin/orexin neurons increases cell proliferation in the adult subventricular zone. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 17:106-112. doi: 10.2174/1871527317666180314115623

Objective: To establish the relationship between the depletion of orexin neurons and the number of proliferating cells in the subventricular zone.

Summary: The adult subventricular zone is affected by orexinergic signaling, the functional implication of which must be further elucidated.

Usage: 90 ng of Orexin-SAP or pyrogen-free saline was stereotaxically injected into the lateral hypothalamus (3.2 caudal, 1.7 lateral to bregma, 8.1 ventral to the skull surface) of male Wistar rats.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)

Wang X, Ma S, Wu H, Shen X, Xu S, Guo X, Bolick ML, Wu S, Wang F (2018) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates peripheral nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity by curbing dopaminergic descending inhibition. Exp Mol Med 50(2):e445. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.271

Objective: To investigate whether the proinflammatory cytokine MIF participates in the regulation of neuropathic hypersensitivity by interacting with and suppressing the descending dopaminergic system.

Summary: MIF functions as a braking factor in curbing dopaminergic descending inhibition in peripheral nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity by mediating Th gene methylation through G9a/SUV39H1-associated H3K9 methylation.

Usage: Anti-DAT-SAP was injected i.t. or i.c.v. with ISO-1 alone or ISO-1 combined with one of the other regulators on Day 7 post-nerve injury for 14 days, and pain behaviors, including 50% withdrawal threshold, mechanical pressure and thermal withdrawal latency, were observed throughout the 70 days post nerve injury.

Related Products: Anti-DAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-25)

Giansanti F, Flavell DJ, Angelucci F, Fabbrini MS, Ippoliti R (2018) Strategies to improve the clinical utility of saporin-based targeted toxins. Toxins (Basel) 10(2):82. doi: 10.3390/toxins10020082

Israel MR, Morgan M, Tay B, Deuis JR (2018) Toxins as tools: Fingerprinting neuronal pharmacology. Neurosci Lett 679:4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.001

Summary: This review article provides an overview of the experimental techniques used to assess the effects that toxins have on neuronal function, as well as discussion on toxins that have been used as tools, with a focus on toxins that target voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)

Yuan X, Yang M, Chen X, Zhang X, Sukhadia S, Musolino N, Bao H, Chen T, Xu C, Wang Q, Santoro S, Ricklin D, Hu J, Lin R, Yang W, Li Z, Qin W, Zhao A, Scholler N, Coukos G (2018) Characterization of the first fully human anti-TEM1 scFv in models of solid tumor imaging and immunotoxin-based therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 67:329-339. doi: 10.1007/s00262-017-2101-0 PMID: 29313073

Objective: ScFv78 was conjugated with the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin (Streptavidin-ZAP) to evaluate whether scFv78 may be used as a vehicle for theTEM1-targeted delivery of toxins.

Summary: Site-specific, biotinylated scFv78 was conjugated with streptavidin-labeled saporin (Streptavidin-ZAP; Cat. #IT-27) by incubation at room temperature for 1h at a molar ratio of 4:1 (scFv78:ZAP).

Usage: Mouse endothelial cells (MS1) and MS1 cells transduced to express full-length human TEM1 (MS1-TEM1) were cultured in 96-well plates to 30% confluence and then incubated for 96h in the presence of 10-fold serially diluted Streptavidin-ZAP, scFv78, or scFv78-ZAP starting from 40nM down to 0.04nM. The data indicate that scFv78, the first fully human anti-TEM1 recombinant antibody, recognizes both human and mouse TEM1 and has unique and favorable features that are advantageous for the development of imaging probes or antibody-toxin conjugates for a large spectrum of human TEM1-positive solid tumors.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Nagarkoti S, Dubey M, Awasthi D, Kumar V, Chandra T, Kumar S, Dikshit M (2018) S-Glutathionylation of p47phox sustains superoxide generation in activated neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1865(2):444-454. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.014 PMID: 29195919

Objective: To investigate the role of S-Glutathionylation of p47phox.

Summary: In Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or Nitric oxide (NO) treated neutrophils a subunit of NOX2, p47phox gets glutathionylated to sustain ROS generation along with a decrease in catalase, Grx-1 activity and change in GSH/GSSG ratio.

Usage: Western blot

Related Products: NO-L-Cysteine Mouse Monoclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T125)

Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H, Kudo S, Kikuchi C, Yui A, Akiba H, Matsusaka K, Kaneda A, Fukayama M, Tsumoto K, Hamakubo T (2018) Synergistic cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells of an immunotoxin cocktail in which antibodies recognize different epitopes on CDH17. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 37:1-11. doi: 10.1089/mab.2017.0043

Objective: To determine if an immunotoxin cocktail targeted to multiple epitopes has synergistic effects on low expression level cells, which would expand the applicable range of immunotoxin therapy for cancer.

Summary: The combination of immunotoxins with different mechanisms of action in an antibody cocktail will increase cytotoxic activities and decrease side effects.

Usage: The authors applied a monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktail for one target protein with multiple epitopes. They generated anti-CDH17 mAbs recognizing different epitopes on CDH17 (Cadherin-17). CDH17 is expressed in gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer and has limited distribution in normal tissues. For preparation of 3 immunotoxins, Streptavidin-ZAP was mixed with biotinylated mAbs in equimolar concentrations for 30 minutes at room temperature. The study provides data to demonstrate that the cocktail of different epitope-recognizing immunotoxins has synergistic cytotoxic effects on CDH17-expressing cells.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)