Meng QT, Liu XY, Liu XT, Barry DM, Jin H, Sun Y, Yang Q, Wan L, Jin JH, Shen kF, Munanairi A, Kim R, Yin J, Tao A, Chen ZF (2021) BNP facilitates NMB-mediated histaminergic itch via NPRC-NMBR crosstalk. bioRxiv 2021.01.26.428310. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.26.428310
Marquez J, Dong J, Dong C, Tian C, Serrero G (2021) Identification of prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (PTGFRN) as an internalizable target in cancer cells for antibody-drug conjugate development. PLoS One 16(1):e0246197. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246197
Summary: PTGFRN is a cell-surface protein that is upregulated in certain cancer types, including head and neck and, notably, pediatric medulloblastoma, an aggressive cancer with limited therapeutic options. With the selection of the mouse monoclonal antibody 33B7, the authors identified PTGFRN as a potential therapy target, and show that it is internalized by incubation with 33B7. Purified 33B7 antibody was sent to Advanced Targeting Systems where saporin was directly conjugated to the Fc region of 33B7 using their proprietary cleavable linker.
Usage: In a 96-well plate, 2000 cells/well were plated in triplicate in 100 μL of DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 2.5% FBS, 0.4 ug/ml 33B7 antibody, and 0.9ug/ml of Fab-ZAP mouse. As an isotype control, cells were incubated with mouse Fab IgG-SAP as control (instead of 33B7) and Fab-ZAP.
Nazmi A, Griffin EW, Field RH, Doyle S, Hennessy E, O’Donnell M, Rehill A, McCarthy A, Healy D, Doran MM, Lowry JP, Cunningham C (2021) Cholinergic signalling in the forebrain controls microglial phenotype and responses to systemic inflammation. bioRxiv 2021.01.18.427123. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.18.427123
Mule SN, Manchola NC, de Oliveira GS, Pereira M, Magalhães RDM, Teixeira AA, Colli W, Alves MJM, Palmisano G (2021) Proteome-wide modulation of S-nitrosylation in Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes upon interaction with the host extracellular matrix. J Proteomics 231:104020. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104020 PMID: 33096306
Objective: To map site-specific S-nitrosylated (SNO) proteins from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes incubated (MTy) or not (Ty) with extracellular matrix (ECM).
Summary: The results provide the first site-specific characterization of S-nitrosylated proteins in T. cruzi and their modulation upon ECM incubation before infection of the mammalian hosts. The reduction of S-nitrosylation upon incubation with ECM, associated with a rewiring of the subcellular distribution and intracellular signaling pathways, was confirmed.
Moschonas EH, Leary JB, Memarzadeh K, Bou-Abboud CE, Folweiler KA, Monaco CM, Bondi CO (2021) Disruption of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons after traumatic brain injury does not compromise environmental enrichment-mediated cognitive benefits. Brain Res 1751:147175. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147175
Objective: To determine if basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are important mediators of environmental enrichment (EE)-induced benefits after traumatic brain injury.
Summary: These data show that despite significant medial septal ChAT+ cell loss, the EE-mediated benefit in cognitive recovery is not compromised.
Usage: 0.22 μg/1.0 μL 192-IgG-SAP was infused over 5 min at a rate of 0.2 μL/min.
Oti T, Satoh K, Uta D, Nagafuchi J, Tateishi S, Ueda R, Takanami K, Young LJ, Galione A, Morris JF, Sakamoto T, Sakamoto H (2021) Oxytocin influences male sexual activity via non-synaptic axonal release in the spinal cord. Curr Biol 31(1):103-114.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.089
Summary: Oxytocin directly activates SEG (Spinal Ejaculation Generator)/GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide) neurons via OXTRs (Oxytocin Receptors) and influences male sexual function in the rat lumbar spinal cord.
Usage: Oxytocin-SAP (4 or 40 ng) was infused slowly into the L3 and L4 spinal cord. Blank-SAP was used as control.
Wang CH, Pandey S, Sivalingam K, Shibu MA, Kuo WW, Yu-LanYeh, Viswanadha VP, Lin YC, Liao SC, Huang CY (2021) Leech extract: A candidate cardioprotective against hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. J Ethnopharmacol 264:113346. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113346 PMID: 32896627
Objective: To delineate the molecular mechanisms of medicinal leech extract in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, using both in vitro and in vivo assessments.
Summary: Pre-treatment with leech extract significantly reduced angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Usage: Western blot; PVDF membranes were incubated with Anti-AT-1R.
Nizari S, Wells JA, Carare RO, Romero IA, Hawkes CA (2021) Loss of cholinergic innervation differentially affects eNOS-mediated blood flow, drainage of Aβ and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the cortex and hippocampus of adult mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 9(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-01108-z
Summary: In this report, icv administration of mu p75-SAP resulted in significant death of cholinergic neurons and fibres in the medial septum, cortex and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice. This study supports the importance of the interrelationship between cholinergic innervation and vascular function in the etiology and/or progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and suggests that combined endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/cholinergic therapies may improve the efficiency of Aβ removal from the brain and reduce its deposition as CAA.
Usage: mu p75-SAP (0.596 μg/μl) was injected into the left and right lateral ventricles.
Chew C, Sengelaub DR (2021) Exercise is neuroprotective on the morphology of somatic motoneurons following the death of neighboring motoneurons via androgen action at the target muscle. Dev Neurobiol 81(1):22-35. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22794
Objective: To determine where the necessary site of androgen action is for exercise-driven neuroprotective effects on induced dendritic atrophy.
Summary: Exercise following neural injury exerts a protective effect on motoneuron dendrites, which acts via androgen receptor action at the target muscle.
Usage: Motoneurons innervating the left vastus medialis (VM) muscle were selectively killed by intramuscular injection of cholera toxin-conjugated saporin (CTB-SAP).
Dezawa S, Nagasaka K, Watanabe Y, Takashima I (2021) Lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (Meynert) induce enhanced somatosensory responses and tactile hypersensitivity in rats. Exp Neurol 335:113493. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113493
Summary: The authors used 192-IgG-SAP to produce a selective cholinergic lesion in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) of rats and investigated whether the NBM lesion led to tactile hypersensitivity in the forepaw. Results suggest that neuronal loss in the NBM diminishes acetylcholine actions in the S1, thereby enhancing the cortical representation of sensory stimuli, which may in turn lead to behavioral hypersensitivity.
Usage: The lesion group received injection of 0.3 μL of 192-IgG-SAP into the left nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM).
